Saturday, October 18, 2025

Polaris of Enlightenment

Swedish authors: Meta has stolen our books

The future of AI

Published 8 April 2025
– By Editorial Staff
Kajsa Gordon and Anna Ahlund are two of the authors who signed the open letter.
2 minute read

Meta has used Swedish books to train its AI models. Now authors are demanding compensation and calling on the Minister of Culture to act against the tech giant.

The magazine The Atlantic recently revealed that Meta used copyrighted works from authors around the world without permission or compensation. Swedish authors are also among them.

In an open letter, published in the Schibsted newspaper Aftonbladet, 53 Swedish children’s and young adult authors accuse Meta of copyright infringement.

Meta has vacuumed our books and used them as a basis for creating AI texts. They have also often used translations of our books to train their AI models in multiple languages. This copyright infringement is systematic”, the authors write.

Among the affected authors who signed the letter are Anna Ahlund, who had five works stolen, Kajsa Gordon, who had eight works stolen, and Pia Hagmar, who had 51 works stolen. The authors point out that there is a wide range of authors in fiction and non-fiction who have had several works stolen, and that many authors do not yet know that they have been affected.

“Our words are being exploited”

The authors are now calling on Sweden’s Minister of Culture Parisa Liljestrand to act against Meta and demand a license fee for the use of copyrighted texts.

We refuse to accept that our words are being exploited by a multi-billion dollar company without our consent or compensation”.

It also demands that Meta disclose which Swedish authors are used to train its AI model, and that authors have the right to deny the tech giant use of the texts.

The Swedish government often talks about strengthening children’s reading. A prerequisite for reading is that Swedish cultural policy makes it possible to be an author”, the authors conclude

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AI boom strengthens the Swedish krona

The future of AI

Published yesterday 11:21
– By Editorial Staff
The Swedish krona is the strongest European currency against the weak dollar so far this year.
1 minute read

The investment boom in artificial intelligence is beginning to make its mark on European currency markets for the first time, and according to analysts, the Swedish krona and the British pound are benefiting the most.

The United Kingdom and Sweden each received over $4 billion in private AI investments last year, placing them third and fourth respectively in the Stanford University AI Index of countries benefiting most from such investments, after the United States and China.

The Swedish krona is the strongest European currency against the weak dollar so far this year, with a rise of nearly 15%. The pound has risen 7%, reports Reuters.

Major American tech companies such as Microsoft, Meta, Google and Nvidia have announced significant investments in both countries. Microsoft has pledged £31 billion in British investments, while several tech companies are planning data centers in Sweden due to the country’s reliable electricity supply.

According to JPMorgan, the resilience of the Swedish krona and the pound can partly be explained by these countries’ standout performance in AI investments, although the effect remains relatively small so far.

Researcher: We risk losing ourselves to AI gods

The future of AI

Published 10 October 2025
– By Editorial Staff
"We sell our ability to be courageous and buy security from the machines", argues researcher Carl Öhman.
3 minute read

The upcoming book “Gods of data” examines AI from a religion-critical perspective. Carl Öhman, researcher at the Department of Government at Uppsala University in Sweden, argues that today’s AI systems can be compared to humanity’s relationship with gods – and researches what would happen if power were completely handed over to AI.

As AI has developed, the tool that was initially used as a more personal version of Google has now also taken a place as an advisor in homes. AI is increasingly being used to ask more personal questions, such as healthcare advice, psychology and even as relationship counseling.

Öhman argues that AI has begun to become like gods, that is, a “kind of personified amalgamation of society’s collective knowledge and authority”, and in a research project he studies what humanity would lose if it allowed itself to be completely governed by technology – even a flawless one.

In a thought experiment, he explains how AI can affect, for example, a couple in everyday life who have started arguing due to different values, who get help from an AI relationship counselor.

They ask: ‘Hi, should we continue being together?’ The AI has access to all their data: their DNA, childhood photos, everything they’ve ever written and searched for and so on, and has been trained on millions of similar couples. It says: ‘with 98 percent probability this will end in catastrophe. You should break up with each other today. In fact, I’ve already found replacement partners for you who are much better matches’, he says in the Research Podcast.

Buying security

Öhman argues that even if there are no rational reasons why the couple shouldn’t obey the AI and break up, one gets a feeling here of having lost something. And in this particular case, the couple would lose faith in themselves and their relationship.

Love is always a risk. All interpersonal relationships involve a risk of being betrayed, saddened, that something goes wrong. We can absolutely use technology to minimize that risk, perhaps even completely reduce it. The point is that something is then lost. We sell our ability to be brave and buy security from the machines, he says.

World daddy in AI form

The research project also examines other relationships where AI has taken an increasingly larger role, for example parenthood. Today there are a number of AI apps designed to help adults handle their relationship with their children. Among other things, this can involve AI giving personalized responses or trying to prevent conflicts from arising.

Just like in the example of the young loving couple, something is lost here. In this particular chapter I use Sigmund Freud and his idea that belief in God is a kind of refusal to be an adult. That there is some kind of world daddy who ultimately always has the right answers. And here it becomes somewhat the same. There is a world daddy in the form of AI who then becomes the real parent in your relationship with the children. And you increasingly identify as a kind of child to the AI parent who has the final answers, he says.

Handing over power over ourselves

Öhman argues that it might feel nice to be able to avoid getting your heart broken, or to prevent conflicts with your children, but that one must be aware that there is a price when AI gets the power. He argues that when people talk about AI coming and taking over, it often happens violently and that “the machines come and take our lives from us.”

But the point in my book, and this project, is that it is we who hand over power over our lives, our courage, faith, and ultimately ourselves, he says.

Professor: We’re trading source criticism for speedy AI responses

The future of AI

Published 9 October 2025
– By Editorial Staff
AI has become a natural companion in our daily lives - but what happens if we stop thinking for ourselves and take the chatbot's answers as truth?
2 minute read

Professor Olof Sundin warns that generative AI undermines our fundamental ability to evaluate information.

When sources disappear and answers are based on probability calculations, we risk losing our source criticism.

— What we see is a paradigm shift in how we traditionally search, evaluate and understand information, states Sundin, professor of library and information science at Lund University in southern Sweden.

When we Google, we get links to sources that we can, if we want, examine and assess the credibility of. In language models like Chat GPT, users get a ready-made answer, but the sources often become invisible and frequently completely absent.

— The answer is based on probability calculations of the words you’re interested in, not on verifiable facts. These language models guess which words are likely to come next, explains Olof Sundin.

Without sources, transparency disappears and the responsibility for evaluating the information presented falls entirely on the user.

— It’s very difficult to evaluate knowledge without sources if you don’t know the subject, since it’s a source-critical task, he explains.

“More dependent on the systems”

Some AI systems have tried to meet the criticism through RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation), where the language model summarizes information from actual sources, but research shows a concerning pattern.

— Studies from, for example, the Pew Research Institute show that users are less inclined to follow links than before. Fewer clicks on original sources, like blogs, newspapers and Wikipedia, threaten the digital knowledge ecosystem, argues Sundin.

— It has probably always been the case that we often search for answers and not sources. But when we get only answers and no sources, we become worse at source criticism and more dependent on the systems.

Research also shows that people themselves underestimate how much trust they actually have in AI answers.

— People often say they only trust AI when it comes to simple questions. But research shows that in everyday life they actually trust AI more than they think, the professor notes.

Vulnerable to influence

How language models are trained and moderated can make them vulnerable to influence, and Sundin urges all users to consider who decides how language models are actually trained, on which texts and for what purpose.

Generative AI also has a tendency to often give incorrect answers that look “serious” and correct, which can damage trust in knowledge in society.

— When trust is eroded, there’s a risk that people start distrusting everything, and then they can reason that they might as well believe whatever they want, continues Olof Sundin.

The professor sees a great danger to two necessary prerequisites for being able to exercise democratic rights – critical thinking about sources and the ability to evaluate different voices.

— When the flow of knowledge and information becomes less transparent – that we don’t understand why we encounter what we encounter online – we risk losing that ability. This is an issue we must take seriously – before we let our ‘digital friends’ take over completely, he concludes.

Language models

AI services like ChatGPT are built on language models (such as GPT-4) that are trained on enormous amounts of text. The model predicts which word is likely to come next in a sentence, based on patterns in language usage.

It doesn't "know" what is actually true – it "guesses" what is correct based on probability calculations.

RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation)

RAG combines AI-generated responses with information retrieved from real sources, such as the top three links in a Google search.

The method provides better transparency than AI services that respond entirely without source references, but studies show that users nevertheless click less and less on the links to original sources.

Anthropic challenges Google and OpenAI with new AI flagship model

The future of AI

Published 30 September 2025
– By Editorial Staff
AI companies' race continues at a rapid pace, now with a new model from Anthropic.
2 minute read

AI company Anthropic launches Claude Sonnet 4.5, described as the company’s most advanced AI system to date and market-leading for programming. According to the company, the model performs better than competitors from Google and OpenAI.

Anthropic has released its new flagship model Claude Sonnet 4.5, which the company claims is the best on the market for coding. According to reports, the model outperforms both Google’s Gemini 2.5 Pro and OpenAI’s GPT-5 on several coding benchmarks, writes TechCrunch.

One of the most remarkable features is the model’s ability to work independently for extended periods. During early testing with enterprise customers, Claude Sonnet 4.5 has been observed coding autonomously for up to 30 hours. During these work sessions, the AI model has not only built applications but also set up database services, purchased domain names, and conducted security audits.

Focus on safety and reliability

Anthropic emphasizes that Claude Sonnet 4.5 is also their safest model to date, with enhanced protection against manipulation and barriers against harmful content. The company states that the model can create “production-ready” applications rather than just prototypes, representing a step forward in reliability.

The model is available via the Claude API and in the Claude chatbot. Pricing for developers is set at 3 dollars per million input tokens and 15 dollars per million output tokens.

Fast pace in the AI race

The launch comes less than two months after the company’s previous flagship model, Claude Opus 4.1. This rapid development pace illustrates, according to TechCrunch, how difficult it is for AI companies to maintain an advantage in the intense competition.

Anthropic’s models have become popular among developers, and major tech companies like Apple and Meta are reported to use Claude internally.

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