UN Special Rapporteur Francesca Albanese identifies the United States and several European countries as complicit in the ongoing genocide in Gaza in a new report. Through military support, diplomatic protection, and economic relations, they have enabled Israel's actions, according to the report published on Tuesday.
The ongoing genocide in Gaza is a collective crime made possible through the complicity of powerful third states. This is the conclusion of UN Special Rapporteur for human rights in the occupied Palestinian territories, Francesca Albanese, in her report "Gaza Genocide: a collective crime".
"Without the direct participation, aid and assistance of other States, the prolonged unlawful Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territory, which has now escalated into a fullfledged genocide, could not have been sustained", Albanese writes in the report.
US primary supplier of weapons
The United States is identified as the primary enabler. Since October 2023, the country has sent 742 shipments of weapons and ammunition to Israel, and used its veto in the UN Security Council seven times to block ceasefire resolutions.
Germany is the second-largest arms supplier, with export licenses worth 489 million euros approved between October 2023 and July 2025. The United Kingdom has flown over 600 surveillance missions over Gaza from its bases in Cyprus and shared intelligence information with Israel.
In total, 26 states have sent weapons to Israel since October 2023, including China, India, Italy, Austria, Spain, the Czech Republic, Romania, and France.
Diplomatic protection and economic ties
In addition to military support, Western countries have provided Israel with diplomatic protection by reproducing Israeli narratives and by avoiding demands for a permanent ceasefire. Economic relations have continued as usual – the EU is Israel's largest trading partner and accounts for nearly one-third of the country's total trade.
"With their actions and omissions, third states have enabled the oppression of the Palestinian people and their genocide. Those states have an obligation to stop their complicity and deliver justice. And We The People, have to make it happen", Albanese wrote in a statement on X when the report was published.
Only a few countries have severed or downgraded diplomatic relations with Israel since October 2023, including Colombia, Bolivia, Nicaragua, Turkey, and South Africa.
Nordic countries linked to Israel's warfare
The Nordic countries also have direct or indirect connections to Israel's military operations in Gaza. Sweden appears to be the country with the most extensive direct ties according to Svenska freds (Swedish Peace and Arbitration Society).
Sweden exported military equipment to Israel worth €1.6 million in 2023 and €2 million in 2024, despite the ongoing genocide in Gaza. At the same time, Sweden has imported Israeli weapons worth tens of millions between 2015-2024. In late October 2023, in the midst of the war, the Swedish Defense Materiel Administration signed a ten-year contract worth €150 million with Israel's largest arms company Elbit Systems.
Denmark, Norway, and Finland are also mentioned in the UN report as suppliers of components for the F-35 aircraft that have been central to Israel's bombing campaign. Norwegian companies manufacture critical engine parts, while Danish companies supply electronics and composite parts. In total, 19 states, of which 17 have signed the UN Arms Trade Treaty, contribute to the F-35 program.
Denmark also increased its trade with Israel by 99 million dollars during the genocide. Norway, however, has been more critical and sanctioned Israeli ministers in June 2025.
Israel's war in Gaza has killed at least 68,234 people and injured 170,373 since October 2023. A total of 1,139 people were killed in Israel during the attacks on October 7, 2023, and approximately 200 were taken captive.
