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Polaris of Enlightenment

Desertions a growing problem for Ukraine

The war in Ukraine

Published 6 January 2025
– By Editorial Staff
Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky is forced to watch as more and more of the country's soldiers desert and avoid mobilization.
4 minute read

More and more Ukrainian soldiers are deserting or avoiding conscription to escape the protracted war with Russia. According to data from the Ukrainian Prosecutor General’s Office, more cases of desertion have been reported in 2024 than in the previous two years of war.

The lack of rotation and the absence of reinforcements are said to be key factors behind the trend.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyj recently admitted in an interview with Ukrainian Telemarathon, a televised fundraising event that runs for many hours a day and aims to raise money for a charitable, political or other cause, that the number of deserters in Ukraine’s military increased sharply in 2024.

In particular, the number of desertions escalated during the spring and summer.

– AWOL cases increased in 2024, but since September or October it has decreased. A long war is a long war. Our people are persevering, and people are getting tired. They are getting tired everywhere, Zelenskyj admitted during the call.

NATO-trained French brigade hit hard

According to Newsweek magazine, Ukrainian authorities have launched more than 100,000 prosecutions of desertion since the war began in February 2022. In 2024, more than 60,000 cases have reportedly been registered up to October.

In several registered cases, soldiers are leaving their positions without permission, for reasons such as lack of rotation and an increasingly tense war situation. Factors that have made desertion the only option for many, reports the Financial Times.

Ukraine has recently launched a review of the French-trained 155th “Anne of Kyiv” Brigade, following allegations of desertion, mismanagement and poor leadership.

Reports suggest that more than 1 700 soldiers have deserted from the brigade, leading to organizational chaos and raising questions about military governance in the region.

At the same time, at least 50 soldiers are reported to have already escaped during training in France. An investigation is now underway to clarify the extent and causes of the problems.

Reinforcements are delayed

The Ukrainian government has tried to counter the problem by decriminalizing first-time desertions, provided that soldiers return to duty before 1 January 2025. At the same time, the age of mobilization has been lowered to 25 and penalties for avoiding conscription have been increased.

Despite this, there are widespread reports of problems in attracting new recruits. Video clips on social media show military personnel conducting drafts at bus stops, storming workplaces and knocking on doors in residential areas – further reinforcing resistance to mobilization.

Zelensky says the lack of reserves is a contributing factor to Russia’s advance.

– There are not many reserves. Why? Because not everything arrived to supply the reserves.

According to Dmytro Lytvyn, Ukraine’s presidential office and communications adviser, delays in the delivery of weapons and equipment have further complicated the situation.

– We cannot compensate for our partners’ delays in decision-making and supply chains with the lives of our soldiers and of the youngest of our guys, an unnamed source in the Ukrainian presidential office told Reuters.

Far-reaching consequences

According to the Associated Press, desertion was one of the main reasons for the fall of the Ukrainian fortress of Vuhledar in October.

– It is clear that now, frankly speaking, we have already squeezed the maximum out of our people, commented what is said to be an anonymous officer of Ukraine’s 72nd brigade.

In 2024, Russia has made significant advances in eastern Ukraine, including the capture of Avdiivka a city of great strategic importance that has long served as a line of defense for Ukrainian forces.

Meanwhile, Russian forces are now threatening Pokrovsk, a key logistical hub for transportation and military supplies.

As both sides struggle to fill their ranks, the US has called on Ukraine to further lower the age of mobilization to 18, a proposal that has faced strong criticism.

Ukraina soldater
Ukrainian soldiers at the front (archive photo). Photo: Ministry of Defense of Ukraine/CC BY-SA 2.0

Uncertain future

It remains to be seen how political developments in the outside world will affect the situation in Ukraine. Especially given US President-elect Donald Trump’s promises to change US policy on Ukraine.

Trump has stated, among other things, that he plans to reduce military aid to Ukraine and “end the conflict in one day”, a statement that has raised questions about the future of US engagement in the region.

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Russia rules out talks between Putin and Zelensky without final agreement

The war in Ukraine

Published 25 July 2025
– By Editorial Staff
Moscow says no to a meeting between Putin and Zelenskyj before a finished agreement is on the table.
2 minute read

Russia currently rules out a meeting between President Vladimir Putin and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky, unless the parties first agree on the draft of a finished memorandum. This was stated by Vladimir Medinsky, the Kremlin’s lead negotiator in talks with Ukraine, in connection with the latest peace talks in Turkey.

Medinsky, one of the most prominent representatives of the Kremlin in the ongoing peace negotiations, emphasized that a personal meeting between the two leaders is only meaningful if they have already agreed on the terms of a peace agreement and are ready to sign it.

There’s no point in meeting only to begin negotiations from square one, he said, referring to previous summits that in practice prolonged the conflict rather than resolved it.

He also brought up historical cases where heads of state only met to sign already negotiated agreements, not to initiate new processes.

As an example, Medinsky mentioned the Chinese civil war in the 1940s:

Chiang Kai-shek constantly insisted on meeting in person to discuss everything. I believe they met five times, smiled, and posed for photographs, but it did not bring an end to the civil war. The core issues remained unresolved, and the war went on.

The Kremlin’s spokesman, Dmitry Peskov, confirmed Medinsky’s line and stated that Russia considers such a meeting relevant only when a final agreement is in place.

The statements come at a time when the question of a meeting between Putin and Zelensky is once again being discussed internationally as a possible path to peace in Ukraine.

Parties far apart from each other

Many diplomats and international actors, not least in the West, have for a long time advocated direct talks between the two leaders to break the diplomatic deadlock in the conflict.

Volodymyr Zelenskyj has previously expressed a willingness to meet Putin to discuss peace, but has also set demands including the withdrawal of Russian forces and confirmation of Ukraine’s sovereignty as prerequisites.

Russia, for its part, has consistently demanded that the talks should be based on Russian security interests, including control over certain territories – something that the Ukrainian government rejects.

Medinsky’s and Peskov’s statements underscore that Russia does not see any immediate room for a summit as long as the fundamental prerequisites for peace are not already established, which makes the conditions for direct dialogue continue to be difficult.

Ukraine’s parliament passes law undermining anti-corruption efforts

The war in Ukraine

Published 23 July 2025
– By Editorial Staff
SAPO chief Oleksandr Klymenko (left) and NABU director Semen Kryvonos during a press conference in Kyiv after the parliament approved a bill that abolishes the independence of the two agencies.
2 minute read

Ukraine’s parliament adopted legislative amendments on Monday that severely limit the independence of the country’s two central anti-corruption agencies. The opposition and monitoring organizations warn that the reform “destroys” the agencies’ autonomy.

Parliament voted through legislative changes that give the prosecutor general new extensive powers over investigations led by the National Anti-Corruption Bureau (NABU) and the Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor’s Office (SAPO). The law was adopted with support from 263 parliamentarians, while 13 voted against and 13 abstained, writes The Kyiv Independent.

The legislative amendment still requires Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky’s signature to take effect, and the president has the option to veto it.

New powers draw criticism

Under the new law, the prosecutor general gains the authority to issue directives for NABU’s investigations or even transfer them to other agencies. The prosecutor general can also delegate SAPO’s powers to other prosecutors and close NABU investigations at the request of the judicial system.

The agencies themselves have reacted strongly to the changes. NABU announced in a statement that the amendments mean “destruction of NABU and SAPO’s independence and practically subordinate their activities to the prosecutor general”.

This is effectively the end of the work of two independent institutions, said Oleksandr Klymenko, head of SAPO, during a press conference after the vote.

NABU’s director, Semen Kryvonos, condemned the legislation and argued that it threatens Ukraine’s Euro-Atlantic integration. He also expressed hope that Zelensky would veto the law.

Just one day before the vote, several law enforcement agencies, including the prosecutor general’s office and the security service SBU, conducted extensive searches at NABU and SAPO. Fifteen NABU employees are being investigated for various crimes, from traffic violations to espionage.

Concerns over aid accountability

While anti-corruption efforts face pressure, questions have been raised about accountability for the extensive Western aid to Ukraine. Since February 2024, the West has provided approximately $314 billion in support, with the Pentagon acknowledging that over $1 billion in advanced weapons systems cannot be properly tracked – though without evidence of theft, but rather due to inadequate tracking systems under wartime conditions.

The most documented corruption case to date linked to Ukraine involves Poland, where the EU’s anti-fraud office, OLAF, discovered irregularities worth €91 million in a generator project for Ukraine. Within Ukraine itself, the security service revealed in January 2024 a corruption scandal worth $40 million where the defense ministry paid for shells that were never delivered.

International monitoring organizations maintain that various control mechanisms have been established, but developments regarding NABU and SAPO now raise concerns that future aid could be affected by weakened anti-corruption efforts.

Russian drone swarms break through Ukrainian air defenses at record pace

The war in Ukraine

Published 22 July 2025
– By Editorial Staff
A Russian Geran drone strikes a building in Kiev, Ukraine in June.
2 minute read

Russia’s mass drone attacks are becoming increasingly successful. Hit rates have tripled during spring while Ukrainian defenses are overwhelmed by new swarm tactics and modified drones.

Russia’s intensified drone attacks against Ukraine are becoming increasingly successful, with drones hitting their targets in three times as many cases as before, according to official data from the Ukrainian air force.

Mass attacks with Shahed drones, originally of Iranian design but now manufactured in Russia, appear to be overwhelming Ukraine’s severely strained air defenses. According to data from the Ukrainian air force, an average of about 15 percent of the drones penetrated defense lines between April and June – a sharp increase from 5 percent during the previous three months.

During the night leading to Monday, Russia conducted an extensive attack with 426 Shahed drones. On July 9, a record attack was seen with 728 drones and decoy drones, as well as several cruise missiles.

New tactics overwhelm defenses

Russia’s tactical innovations have included modifications that allow the drones to fly faster and at higher altitudes, beyond the range of the truck-mounted machine guns that Ukraine typically uses.

The problem is not that the Ukraine air defense is getting worse. Instead, what we see is that new swarming tactics and drones are now flying in higher altitude, which makes them more effective, says Yasir Atalan from the Center for Strategic and International Studies.

Russia has named its modified drones Geran, which means geranium in Russian. Geran-3, a turbine-powered variant that can fly up to 800 kilometers per hour, has been used against Kiev in recent weeks.

Ukraine develops countermeasures

President Volodymyr Zelensky said on July 10 that Ukraine is “already shooting down dozens of Shahed drones” with its domestically manufactured interceptor drones. Earlier in the month, he announced an agreement with the American company Swift Beat to co-produce hundreds of thousands of drones.

Our air defense forces are achieving good results with the new interceptor drones and they are performing particularly well, having shot down hundreds of Russian-Iranian Shaheds in a week, Zelenskyy said last week.

Andrew Turner, former air marshal in the Royal Air Force, describes the development as typical of air warfare:

It’s a constant duel and evolution between countermeasures against countermeasures against countermeasures. In Ukraine, this movement happens every 14 days, so it moves at great speed.

Hungary wants EU sanctions on Ukrainian forced conscription officers

The war in Ukraine

Published 16 July 2025
– By Editorial Staff
Hungarian Foreign Minister demands that those responsible must be held accountable for the murder and brutal assault of people who refused to go to war.
1 minute read

Following the Council of Europe report, the brutality surrounding forced recruitment patrols in Ukraine must be covered by EU human rights sanctions. This is the view of Hungarian Foreign Minister Péter Szijjártó.

Referring to the Council of Europe report titled Memorandum on human rights elements for peace in Ukraine, dated July 8, 2025 and signed by the EU Commissioner for Human Rights, Michael O’Flaherty, Szijjártó points out that conscription in Ukraine involves murder, torture, brutal assault and brutal treatment.

— It is a fact that people are dying in Ukraine because of the brutality of the conscription officers, because they don’t want to go to war.

— Where are the NGOs, where are the Soros organizations, where are the so-called independent journalists, where are the human rights organizations, why do they not speak out and say that this manhunt on the streets of Ukraine is unacceptable? asks Péter Szijjártó.

Szijjártó emphasizes that they view it as unacceptable and “shocking” that European politicians remain indifferent to the brutality and stresses that they demand the responsible recruiters be placed on the EU’s human rights sanctions list.

— This is a bare minimum that the EU must do in this issue, he emphasizes.

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