Yesterday, construction began on Sweden’s first final repository for spent nuclear fuel at the Forsmark nuclear power plant in Östhammar municipality. The facility, which will be one of the first of its kind globally, will store nuclear fuel waste for up to 100,000 years.
Minister for Climate and Environment Romina Pourmokhtari (L) attended the groundbreaking ceremony and described the event as “historic” and emphasized the importance of the project for both Sweden and the world:
– A very important milestone. Not only for Sweden and in our nuclear history but also to set the image for the rest of the world, that we have actually researched this method and now started to apply it as well.
Sweden currently has six active nuclear reactors that together produce between 90 and 150 tons of spent nuclear fuel annually. This waste is currently stored in Oskarshamn, but will eventually be moved to the final repository in Forsmark. When the repository is sealed in 2090, it is estimated to hold about 12,000 tons of nuclear fuel waste, encapsulated in copper and surrounded by bentonite clay, placed 500 meters below the ground surface.
However, the Environmental NGOs’ Nuclear Waste Review (MKG) expresses some concern about the chosen method of copper encapsulation and the uncertainty of future nuclear technologies.
– We don’t know what the reactors of the future will look like and this may possibly lead to different conditions for how the waste needs to be disposed of, points out Linda Birkedal, chair of MKG.
“Safe method”
The Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB), which is responsible for the project, assures that the method is not associated with any risks.
– We have a safe method. But on the other hand, there is currently no plan for what new types of facilities will be built, SKB’s head of communications Anna Porelius told state television SVT.
If the government’s plans to expand nuclear power are realized, additional final storage capacity may be necessary. Carl Berglöf, nuclear power coordinator, says that an expansion of the existing final repository in Forsmark would be most cost-effective, but that legal obstacles may make it necessary to consider new sites. The issue will be further investigated in 2025.
The construction of the final repository in Forsmark, led by SKB, is estimated to cost SEK 12 billion (€1 billion). The total cost of Sweden’s nuclear waste program is estimated at around SEK 171 billion (€15 billion).