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European Central Bank President: “The sanctions failed”

The new cold war

Published 25 March 2023
– By Editorial Staff
ECB President Christine Lagarde also has a background as French Finance Minister.

When European Central Bank President Christine Lagarde thinks she is talking to Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyj, she talks openly about how European price inflation is expected to keep rising, about plans to introduce a digital euro, that sanctions against Russia have not had the desired effect and that the EU will do “everything in its power” to help Ukraine win the war against Russia.

She also finds time to praise the leadership of the Russian central bank, explaining how it has made it increasingly difficult for EU citizens to trade in cash, and expresses concern that private players such as Google, Meta and Amazon will create currencies that will displace the euro.

Russian comedians Vovan and Lexus have made a name for themselves by prank-calling government officials, often pretending to be real influential people of various kinds. Past pranks include Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Republican politician John McCain, Britain’s Prince Harry and Polish President Andrzej Duda.

This time they pretend to be Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyj while phoning Christine Lagarde – former Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and now President of the European Central Bank (ECB).

The “fake” Zelenskyj says he is worried about the economic situation in Europe and the ECB chief admits that the situation is undeniably dark.

We are seeing prices that have initially gone up only in the area of energy and then gradually through fertilizers, in particular, to food, and now on a much broader basis. So the inflation that we had hoped would be transitory has continued much longer than thought and at a much higher level than expected.

That’s why, says Lagarde, all central banks and the ECB have started raising the interest rate, which until recently was negative but now stands at around 2% by default.

– We have growth that is low, we have prices that are too high that we have to bring down.

Praises chairwoman of Russia’s central bank

Ms Lagarde goes on to praise Elvira Nabiullina, the head of the Russian Central Bank, saying she “very quickly understood what the situation was” and that her raising the interest rates prevented shocking Russian inflation and encouraged investors to keep their money in Russia.

– She did a magnificent job, I have no hesitation to say that.

However, Lagarde says that the West’s sanctions against Russia are “biting” but not as much as previously expected.

– They still manage to sell a lot of their energy, whether it is oil or it is gas, to other countries than those countries that apply the sanctions, and certainly outside of the European Union, she continues, identifying India and China as two important trading partners for Russia.

Mr Lagarde also welcomed the expansion of sanctions against Russia and said that the upcoming G20 meeting could be a good opportunity to remind non-Western leaders of their “duty to promote stability and peace”.

Inflation of seven per cent – or more

The ECB President further notes that the European countries closest to Russia geographically are also the ones most affected by the economic crisis – partly because of the threat to geopolitical stability, but also because they have a history of close trade cooperation with Russia.

As for price inflation in the Eurozone, Lagarde points out that official forecasts suggest it will be around seven per cent in 2023 and possibly even higher.

– What I do know is that interest rates will inevitably continue to rise, she points out, but cannot say by how much.

– The only thing I can tell you is that it needs to go higher than where we are at the moment, because otherwise we will not manage to tame inflation.

Christine Lagarde further declares that in a way she sees it as “irrelevant” who wins and loses from the economic crisis as long as Ukraine wins the war against Russia.

– I take the very simple view that those who have the biggest gun at the end of the day win. This is a very stupid basic wild-west cowboy principle. It is the case at the moment that the biggest military power in the world is the United States. So the United States is supplying the biggest shipments of weapons, is providing a very large amount of funding. And that’s the reality that we deal with.

– It’s you who have to win, and we have to make every effort we can to support you.

Explains how they have made the use of cash more difficult.

The former IMF chief also talks about plans to introduce a digital euro (CBDC), arguing that it would make Europe less dependent on the currencies of “hostile countries”, pointing in particular to Russia and China as countries to distance the EU from. She also expresses concern about private actors launching their own e-currencies, thereby reducing the EU’s economic control.

I don’t want Meta, Google or Amazon to suddenly come up with a currency that will take over the sovereingty of Europe. I don’t want a foreign currency to become the currency of trading within Europe. So we have to be ready.

Lagarde also explains how it has become more difficult for EU citizens to pay large sums in cash and says that the new system she envisages will have a “limited amount of control”, possibly opening the door to smaller purchases and transfers not being controlled and tracked by the central government.

But that could be dangerous. The terrorist attacks on France back 10 years ago were entirely financed by those very small anonymous credit cards that you can recharge in total anonymity, she continues.

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German chancellor aims to build Europe’s largest army – may reinstate conscription

The new cold war

Published 15 May 2025
– By Editorial Staff
Chancellor of Germany, Friedrich Merz (CDU).

The Christian Democrats’ new chancellor in Germany, former BlackRock executive Friedrich Merz, has set the tone for his government by declaring the goal of making the Bundeswehr Europe’s strongest army.

In his first speech to the Bundestag, he emphasized the need for increased military spending – and at the same time opened the door to reintroducing conscription in Germany.

When Merz recently took over as Germany’s chancellor, he quickly made it clear that the military is high on his political agenda, according to reports by Euroactiv, among others. In his first speech to the German Bundestag, Merz emphasized that Germany must “take greater responsibility” for Europe’s security and that the Bundeswehr, the German armed forces, should become the continent’s most powerful force.

Merz explained that the government is prepared to allocate more resources where he believes Germany can no longer rely on other countries’ military protection.

The federal government will provide all financial resources that the German Armed Forces need to become the strongest military in Europe in conventional terms, the new chancellor said in his speech.

Borrowed money to finance

To enable the increased defense spending, Merz’s government has decided to reform the so-called debt brake, a rule that previously limited the state’s ability to borrow money.

Easing these restrictions opens the door to significant investments in both equipment and personnel for the Bundeswehr.

Social Democrat Defense Minister Boris Pistorius welcomed the new investments but warned that the biggest bottleneck now is the shortage of soldiers. The Bundeswehr has struggled for several years to fill its ranks, and recruitment has not kept pace with ambitions.

If it is not possible to attract enough volunteers to the armed forces, the reintroduction of conscription may become a possibility – something that the Merz government is now investigating in more detail.

However, the defense spending plans have met with some resistance from critics who argue that increased military spending risks crowding out other important areas of society, such as healthcare, education, and social security. Others warn that rearmament could lead to increased tensions in Europe and that Germany should prioritize diplomacy and cooperation over military spending.

Merz and his government, however, argue that a strong defense force is essential to safeguarding both the country’s security and its independence.

Macron opens the door to deploying French nuclear weapons in other EU countries

The new cold war

Published 14 May 2025
– By Editorial Staff
After the UK's "Brexit", Emmanuel Macron's France is now the only nuclear power in the EU.

France is prepared to begin discussions with other European countries about deploying French fighter jets armed with nuclear weapons on their territory – similar to what the US already does in certain countries. This was confirmed by President Emmanuel Macron on Tuesday.

– The Americans have the bombs on planes in Belgium, Germany, Italy, Turkey, Macron said in an interview with TF1. The US is believed to have around 50 nuclear weapons stored at the Incirlik air base in southern Turkey.

– We are ready to open this discussion. I will define the framework in a very specific way in the weeks and months to come.

Macron also mentioned three conditions for such a step: that France will not pay for the security of other countries, that it will not be at the expense of the country’s own needs, and that the final decision will always rest with the President of the French Republic in his capacity as commander-in-chief.

France is the EU’s only nuclear power, and since the war in Ukraine broke out, there has been growing debate about extending the French nuclear umbrella to include the Union’s partners.

Poland, which like France is a key ally of Ukraine and a growing force within the EU, has already expressed a desire to be covered by the French deterrent.

– There has always been a European dimension in the consideration of what we call vital interests. We do not elaborate on this because ambiguity goes hand in hand with the deterrent, said Macron.

Concerns about nuclear war

Plans to deploy French nuclear weapons in other European countries have raised concerns among experts and security analysts. Critics argue that such a move risks further inflaming tensions between NATO and Russia and could be perceived as a strategic escalation rather than defensive protection.

In the long run, there are fears that it could contribute to increased militarization and raise the risk of misunderstandings or misjudgments that could, in the worst case, lead to a large-scale nuclear conflict in Europe with devastating consequences something that several analysts have warned about since the war in Ukraine broke out.

Others are more positive and argue that European countries must face the harsh reality that the major powers already have extensive nuclear arsenals that they have no plans to give up, and that deterrence with their own nuclear weapons is not only necessary but also the most effective way to prevent future attacks.

According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, France currently has just under 300 nuclear weapons, compared to Russia’s approximately 5,900 and the US’s 5,300. However, it is emphasized that these are qualified estimates and that there is rarely any public data on countries’ nuclear arsenals.

Lithuanian ex-president: “No need to fear Russia’s nuclear weapons”

The new cold war

Published 14 May 2025
– By Editorial Staff
Dalia Grybauskaité was one of the voices calling for NATO to attack Russia as early as 2022.

Lithuania’s former president Dalia Grybauskaité rejects Vladimir Putin’s proposal for peace talks with Ukraine as disingenuous, claiming that it is merely a tactical maneuver aimed at buying time.

Despite widespread concerns that the war will escalate into a large-scale European nuclear conflict, Grybauskaité argues that the threat of weapons of mass destruction is greatly exaggerated and asserts that “there is no reason to fear nuclear weapons”.

– I believe these are games for the time being, an attempt to stall for time, an attempt to shift the blame to the Ukrainian side, but in fact they are stalling for time and are unwilling to end the war now, at least in the near future as they want to occupy as much of Ukraine as possible, the former president said in a press statement on Monday.

Her statement came after four European leaders visited Kiev over the weekend and appealed for a temporary ceasefire as a basis for peace talks. Putin responded with a counterproposal for direct negotiations in Istanbul – an initiative that Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky has shown some openness to, but only after a ceasefire is in place.

Most notable, however, was how Grybauskaité downplayed the risk of nuclear weapons being used in the conflict – describing Russian nuclear deterrence as “an obsolete doctrine” and claiming that weapons of mass destruction should no longer be considered a relevant threat in modern warfare.

– Nuclear deterrence was effective after World War Two, during the Cold War, but not now. No umbrella will help because now we have completely different weapons, a completely different nature of war. Nuclear weapons will not scare anybody.

“An obsolete instrument”

As recently as November, Russia updated its nuclear doctrine and opened the door to using tactical nuclear weapons in response to large-scale conventional military attacks a move that has led to increased concern in several European capitals.

Despite this, Grybauskaité tried to downplay fears of nuclear weapons as completely unfounded – and instead turned the threat back on Moscow:

– There is no need to fear and there is no need to pay attention as it is an obsolete instrument and there is nothing to fear. The Russians may be afraid of nuclear weapons themselves, so let them be afraid.

It should be noted that Dalia Grybauskaité has long been one of the most vocal advocates in Europe for a more confrontational line toward Russia. Throughout the war in Ukraine, she has repeatedly criticized the West’s stance in the conflict and called for more direct military involvement from NATO including attacks on Russian targets. According to Grybauskaité, the only way to stop Putin is to meet him with military force, not diplomacy.

War can only be stopped by a war”, she has declared, arguing that “if we do not stop Putin in Ukraine, we will still have to fight a war, but in our countries”.

NATO expands military presence in Europe

The new cold war

Published 13 May 2025
– By Editorial Staff
NATO led exercise in Sweden, 2024 (archive image).

The US military alliance NATO is currently building a number of new bases and strengthening its military presence along Europe’s eastern flank – from the Baltic to the Black Sea. In Romania, an entire military city is emerging with space for tens of thousands of soldiers and their families. In response to NATO’s expansion, Russia is also further expanding its military infrastructure along its western border.

While the expansion of military bases continues, the number of so-called multinational combat groups continues to increase, as do demands for higher defense spending among NATO member states. Some describe this development as a new iron curtain – this time in the form of military infrastructure.

One of the most extensive projects is taking place in Cincu in central Romania, where a whole new military community is now emerging. According to information from the state channel SVT, NATO is building a base there with space for up to 10,000 soldiers and their families.

The area includes new runways, roads, schools, housing, and shops – with the aim of supporting a long-term presence in the region. The construction, which began shortly after the outbreak of war in Ukraine in 2022, is part of a larger pattern in which NATO has gradually strengthened its presence in the east.

Mark Rutte: “There are no alternatives”

Critics, however, argue that the rapid militarization in Europe risks exacerbating an already tense situation. Instead of diplomatic solutions and détente, Western countries are choosing to respond with more soldiers, more weapons, and more bases.

At the same time, NATO’s incoming Secretary General Mark Rutte has proposed that member states should spend up to 5 percent of their gross domestic product on defense. This should include not only increased spending on weapons and troops, but also extensive investments in new infrastructure, digital security, and logistics.

There are no alternatives. We must prepare ourselves for a more unpredictable security situation, Rutte said recently in a statement.

Mark Rutte Nato
Mark Rutte, right, wants NATO member countries to significantly increase their defense spending. Photo: NATO/CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

Russia reinforces

Across the border, Russia is reportedly increasing its military activity near Finland, where Russian bases in Kamenka and Petrozavodsk, among other places, are reportedly being upgraded. The Kremlin has also responded with its own military exercises and a stronger presence in areas close to NATO countries.

Both East and West thus appear to be in a period of significantly increased military build-up. Official sources describe this as defensive measures, but critical voices warn that this is rather a mutual arms race, with Europe as the main arena.

Representatives of peace organizations argue that military walls have never been a recipe for stability and long-term peace. Instead, they believe that diplomacy and security guarantees should be the focus – not permanent troop deployments and military cities.

FACT: NATO bases in Eastern Europe

  • Battle groups since 2017 - NATO has had four permanent multinational battle groups in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland since 2017.
  • Expansion after 2022 - Following the outbreak of war in Ukraine, four additional teams have been established in Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania and Slovakia.
  • Cincu base in Romania - One of the largest new facilities is being built in Cincu, accommodating 10,000 soldiers and dependants. The area will have housing, schools, shops and airstrips.
  • Rotating forces - Troops from countries including France, Belgium and the Netherlands will regularly rotate through the bases, with support from the US.
  • NATO member states are expected to increase their defense spending in the future, according to a proposal by incoming Secretary-General Mark Rutte, to a total of 5% of GDP (3.5% for military defense and 1.5% for related infrastructure and cybersecurity). However, this is not yet decided.

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