Friday, March 21, 2025

Polaris of Enlightenment

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Author wants to make “X-Men” “gender neutral”

Published 16 March 2024
– By Editorial Staff
When Chris Claremont tried to change his name to something more "gender neutral", he was unsuccessful with the lawyers.

Comic book writer Chris Claremont has worked with the “X-Men” superheroes for many years. However, he believes that the name is outdated and gender stereotypical and that the group should be called “X” or “The X-Group” instead.

Claremont feels that it is “so 1960s” to talk about the “X-Men” – since many of the fictional superheroes are women, he refers to them as “The X-Group” in all contexts.

When it comes to an official name change, however, he hasn’t been able to make the change – despite years of trying.

– I tried that. I spent about 10 years referring to them as the X. The X being the unknown. It was pointed out to me that X-Men is trademarked, which apparently is a whole different kettle of fish. You can’t argue with legal people. When I came to work for Marvel, it was one or two guys, apparently the Mouse House has much more than that. There are some fights you can’t win

“Lots of female superheroes”

Discussions about superheroes have flared up again after Marvel and Disney decided to make several character changes that were criticized by many of their supporters as clearly left-wing or politically correct.

Victoria Alonso, a producer for Marvel Studios, would also have liked to see a name change to a more gender-neutral one if she had the choice.

– It’s funny that people call it the X-Men. There’s a lot of female superheroes in that X-Men group, so I think it’s outdated, she says.

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Shakespeare museum “decolonizes” – allegedly promoting “white supremacy”

Cultural revolution in the West

Published 18 March 2025
– By Editorial Staff
William Shakespeare

In William Shakespeare’s birthplace of Stratford-upon-Avon, England, a much-criticized reassessment of the world-famous playwright’s cultural heritage is underway.

The Shakespeare Birthplace Trust has decided to “decolonize its substantial and extensive collection of Shakespeare-related material, among other things, on the grounds that this allegedly risks promoting “white supremacy”.

The Shakespeare Birthplace Trust in Stratford-upon-Avon has decided to “decolonize” its collections in a bid to create a more “inclusive museum experience”, according to The Telegraph.

It says the decision involves exploring the impact of empire and colonialism on the museum’s collections, and how Shakespeare’s works have contributed to these narratives.

The foundation believes that some items in the collections may contain “language or depictions that are racist, sexist, homophobic, or otherwise harmful”, reports The Standard.

The initiative is a result of a study conducted with Dr Helen Hopkins of the University of Birmingham in 2022. The study criticized the foundation’s attractions in Stratford for portraying Shakespeare as a “universal genius” – an idea that allegedly “benefits the ideology of white European supremacy”.

As part of the initiative, the Shakespeare Foundation plans to diversify its focus by celebrating global cultural contributions, such as Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore and Bollywood dance inspired by “Romeo and Juliet”.

Dismantling history

However, critics say the decision is part of a broader trend to decolonize cultural institutions. Concerns are expressed that such a reappraisal of historical figures like William Shakespeare could lead to the dismantling of influential white figures in the West, rather than promoting a true understanding of the complex cultural heritage.

The Shakespeare Birthplace Trust stresses that the project should not be seen as a critique of Shakespeare’s work, but aims to reassess the historical context of the museum’s collections and artifacts.

However, “decolonizing” Shakespeare’s legacy risks not only losing the historical context of the world-famous poet’s work, according to analysts. It also risks distorting the cultural significance of one of the most influential writers of all time.

The precarious future of the Afrikaners

Population replacement in the West

Brutal acts of violence and escalating racist rhetoric have led some to warn of open genocide in South Africa. This would be fatal not only for white Afrikaners, but also for South Africa as a whole.

Published 9 March 2025
– By Editorial Staff
Afrikaners have lived in South Africa since the mid-17th century.

One of the first presidential orders from the Trump administration was the US President’s addressing the plight of European-descended South Africans, also known as Afrikaners or Boers, and willingness to open up to receive them as refugees in light of their increasingly difficult situation in South Africa. However, the initiative seems to have been met with mixed reactions among the Afrikaners themselves, who generally question why they would abandon the land they had inhabited for hundreds of years in the first place, long before the United States was even an independent nation.

The Cape Colony was founded in the 1650s by the Dutchman Jan van Riebeeck and the first European settlers, mainly Dutch and French. They established themselves as farmers on the Cape Peninsula as an extension of the Dutch East India Company’s trade route between Europe and Asia.

Despite bloody conflicts with Bantu tribes expanding into the area, an advanced agricultural system developed in South Africa’s varied climate and landscape over the following centuries. In practice, an entirely new European culture, the Afrikaners, was now also emerging, from which several state formations would emerge. However, the Afrikaners would find it difficult to assert themselves against the powerful British Empire’s claims to the Cape Peninsula. The Afrikaner states of Orange Free State and Transvaal fought a dramatic conflict against Britain to preserve their self-determination, despite winning what became known as the First Boer War in 1881. Eventually, however, British military power proved too much to resist and after the Second Boer War, they were annexed into the British colonial empire in 1902.

During the 19th and 20th centuries, agriculture grew in scale, and Afrikaner farmers continued to play a key role in establishing efficient production methods, modern irrigation systems and export markets. During the 20th century, South Africa became one of Africa’s largest producers of wheat, maize, fruit and livestock – a position that is still largely maintained thanks to Boer farmers.

Thousands of attacks

Since Nelson Mandela’s ANC took power in 1994, the situation for the Boers has become increasingly precarious. In recent decades, thousands of them have been murdered in brutal attacks on their farms. These farm murders have attracted some international attention, but the South African government has often dismissed or downplayed the problem of what are believed to be racially motivated attacks.

Getting a clear picture of exactly how many Afrikaner farmers have been killed over the past 30 years is very difficult – partly because the South African government has stopped reporting the statistics separately and instead lumps them together with other murders committed in the heavily violent crime-ridden country. Instead, it is up to advocacy organizations that protect the rights of Africans to try to identify all cases and compile the statistics themselves.

Common to these murders is that they are often marked by extreme violence, torture, and abuse, leading to theories that the motives go far beyond ordinary crime – suggesting instead that they stem from hatred and resentment directed at the Afrikaners. Analysts also argue that the racially charged rhetoric from certain political leaders, such as the communist leader Julius Malema, has contributed to creating a highly dangerous environment for the Boers, with many warning that the situation risks escalating into an outright genocide.

The escalation of incitement and violence, which has already put many white farmers under increasing pressure to leave their farms or move abroad, has also had a concomitant impact on South Africa’s food production and economic stability. In fact, the expertise and knowledge of farmers is considered invaluable to the country’s economy, especially given that the agricultural sector employs millions of people and accounts for a significant share of South Africa’s GDP.

Expropriation and discrimination

Alongside the escalating cycle of violence, the South African government has implemented a series of bills and policies aimed at redistributing land from white farmers to black South Africans, often without compensation. The expropriation of land that has been farmed by Afrikaner families for centuries has raised growing concerns both inside and outside the country. Afrikaners run most of the country’s large-scale farms, which account for 95% of domestic production of essential foodstuffs. These include maize, wheat, fruit, vegetables and other crops that are central to both the local market and exports.

South Africa remains largely self-sufficient in food, but imports of some products have increased. At the same time, virtually all attempts to ‘redistribute’ land to black farmers have failed and only a very small proportion of black commercial farmers have managed to become profitable. If Afrikaners continue to be marginalized, attacked and murdered, the consequences could therefore be disastrous, not only for themselves, but for the food security and economic stability of South Africa as a whole.

Despite the increasingly hostile environment, many Boers persist in cultivating the land and contributing to the country’s food security, but many experts and analysts warn that South Africa is heading for a similar fate to Zimbabwe, where similar policies by President Robert Mugabe, harshly targeting the white population, led to an internationally publicized collapse of agriculture, food shortages and economic crisis.

“Don’t want to move elsewhere”

Afrikaners see South Africa as their natural home and have lived there longer than many European nations have existed and, contrary to popular belief, even before Bantu expansion reached the region. Many of them naturally do not see leaving South Africa as an option, but simply want to live their lives in peace, without discrimination or bloody attacks.

– We are not going anywhere. Our members work here, and want to stay here, and they are going to stay here. We are committed to build a future here, explains Dirk Hermann, Executive Director of Afrikanderfwerket Solidarity.

– We have to state categorically: We don’t want to move elsewhere, adds Kallie Kriel, Executive Director of the advocacy organization AfriForum.

There has been speculation that Elon Musk, with his African origins and his role in the new US administration, was instrumental in Trump’s presidential order to open the door to Africans. However, if the US really cares about their future, it is not enough to open the doors, they also need all the support they can get to close their doors against further escalating racism and brutalization within South Africa’s borders.

Shrovetide in olden times

Published 1 March 2025
– By Editorial Staff
Semlor, or Shrovetide buns, a tradition that is still alive in Sweden.

Tomorrow, Sunday, marks the beginning of Shrovetide (Fastlagen) followed in the week by Fat Tuesday (Fettisdagen).

In the old days, there were stories about Shrovetide and the celebrations on those days. “In olden times, Lent was celebrated for several days in a row” and people “drank day and night” before Lent. The festivities, unlike Lent itself, were not a church celebration but a “tolerated collection of antics”.

Today, Shrovetide buns, or semlor in Swedish, remain a strong tradition in Swedish society.

On the eve of the first day of Lent, it is traditional to practice the old Shrovetide customs, which hardly exist today. Fat Tuesday, or White Tuesday, is the last of the three days of Lent and traditionally falls on the Tuesday 47 days before Easter. This means it can occur between February 3 and March 9. It is preceded by “Pork Saturday” and “Pork Sunday”, followed by “Blue Monday”.

Ash Wednesday is the first day of Lent. In Catholic churches, the priest traditionally draws a cross on the forehead of the faithful – a way of reminding them of their own mortality, but also of the resurrection.

Churchgoers in Strasbourg receive “ash crosses” on their foreheads. Photo: Claude Truong-Ngoc/CC BY-SA 3.0

Festivities

The Swedish word for Lent, fasta, comes from the German “fastelabend” or “fastelanen. Although Lent is a Christian doctrine, Lent as a celebration does not have an exclusively “ecclesiastical core”. In the past, the celebration around it was a kind of “tolerated collection of antics to compensate for all the merriment that was not allowed to be breathed during Lent”.

“In olden times, Shrovetide was celebrated several days in a row” and could last a week. People would play “Tuesday games”, and Lenten reeds, which was common in the past, refers to “whipping” each other with reeds, which is why we have Easter reeds today. It is supposed to be a symbolic reminder of Jesus’ suffering and to provide penance, which is said to trace “back to pagan Roman times”.

But it was the “fasting races” that gave it its character, it is said. People dressed up in masks, men in women’s costumes and women in men’s costumes, would run through the streets and engage in “all sorts of antics and madness”. There were also races between men and women, with the women running only in ‘bare linen’, which is said to have been common at least in Skåne in the mid-18th century. However, this was considered somewhat indecent and laws were later introduced to restrict the practice.

Predicting the weather

In the pre-industrial farming society, the three days of Shrovetide were considered by many to be good days for predicting the weather. For example, long icicles on the night of Shrove Tuesday were a good sign that straw and flax would grow long. If the day of Lent was clear and sunny, there would be a good grain harvest. If, on the other hand, it thawed with a drops of water falling off the roofs’ edges on Fat Tuesday, the cows would milk well during the summer and the grain would be as big as the water droplets.

Fastlagsbullarna still lives on

Today, the Shrovetide buns, fastlagsbullar or semlor in Swedish, is a tradition that remains strong in Swedish society. In 2022, for example, around six million buns were sold on Fat Tuesday, and it is said that over 50% of Swedes eat a bun on that day.

They are also known as “fettisdagsbullar” (Fat Tuesday buns) and have their ancestors in “hetvägg”, which refers to hot, cooked wheat buns. The word “hetvägg” comes from the German “heisse wecke” meaning hot rolls. Later, semla was served in hot milk.

It was not only eaten as a fasting bread, but also after a large and fatty meal. In Dalarna, for example, “root vegetables and potatoes and meat and pork were eaten”, according to the records of the Nordic Museum. On Öland, Gotland and in Småland, ‘kroppkakor’ with meat and pork inside were eaten instead. In Uppland, Södermanland and Värmland, people ate fettisdagskött, which was boiled pig’s feet.

The word semla comes from the German “semel” and the Latin “simila”, which means fine wheat flour. The semla we eat today, with almond paste, cream and icing sugar, has been around since the 20th century. Variations of semla are also eaten in Finland, Norway, Denmark and Germany.

Rules about semlor

When King Adolf Fredrik died on Shrove Tuesday, February 12, 1771, it was believed that he died from eating too many “hetvägg”. The poet Johan Gabriel Oxenstierna suggested that Fat Tuesday should be banned and “hetvägg should be banished from Sweden for having committed regicide”, according to the Nordic Museum.

However, other accounts claim that hetvägg was only one of many dishes the king consumed that day, and that he also ate turnips, sauerkraut, lobster, caviar, meat, and drank a lot of champagne before suffering stomach cramps and dizziness.

It is said that Adolf Fredrik ate himself to death on semlor. Painting: Antoine Pesne

Until the early 1960s, semlor could only be served on Tuesdays in cafes and pastry shops. It is believed that these laws were introduced in the 20th century because of the shortage of cream and sugar in the post-war period.

Cinema mourns the loss of Gene Hackman

Published 28 February 2025
– By Editorial Staff
A selection from the diverse roles of the multifaceted Gene Hackman.

Character actor and movie legend Gene Hackman has died at the age of 95. With a career spanning five decades, Hackman leaves behind a cinematic masterpiece from broken anti-heroes to charismatic villains.

Among other things, Hackman’s presence on the silver screen helped change the way we as moviegoers view complex male roles.

Legendary actor Gene Hackman and his wife Betsy Arakawa (a fact that makes the cause of death somewhat unclear at this point), were found deceased yesterday Wednesday at their home in Santa Fe, New Mexico.

Back in the 1960s, Gene Hackman established himself as a powerful counterpoint to Hollywood’s glamorous stars. His breakthrough performance as the nervous criminal Buck Barrow in Arthur Penn’s gangster classic Bonnie and Clyde (1967) showed a new kind of realism – a man who not only played fear, but breathed it.

When he won an Oscar in 1972 for his role as the obsessed narcotics officer Jimmy “Popeye” Doyle in William Friedkin’s crime drama French Connection, he cemented his place as one of the most versatile actors of the generation.

– He shattered expectations. Every scene became a masterpiece of presence, Friedkin said in a 2005 interview.

In the Clint Eastwood-directed The Unforgiven (1992), Hackman played a sadistic sheriff, a role that earned him his second Oscar. Hackman has often praised Clint Eastwood for giving him the role.

Lex Luthor

Gene Hackman’s interpretation of Lex Luthor, in Richard Donner’s groundbreaking Superman The Movie (1978), and its sequel Superman II (1981), is one of the most memorable villainous roles in movie history. With a perfect balance of charm, eccentricity and manipulative evil, Hackman created a Luthor who was as entertaining as he was menacing.

His version of the iconic arch-enemy of Superman was that of a shamelessly egotistical criminal mastermind, driven by power and greed rather than physical violence, who saw himself as the true genius of the world.

Despite refusing to shave his head for the role (and instead wearing a wig in several scenes), Gene Hackman’s Lex Luthor became an unforgettable part of the Superman mythology, a charismatic antagonist who proved that brains often trump brawn.

The Marines gave Hackman discipline

Before becoming an actor, Hackman served in the Marines for three years, an experience that gave him a discipline he later applied to his acting career

Early on, Hackman demonstrated remarkable versatility in his ability to portray everything from hard-boiled cops to comic roles and villains. His powerful screen presence made him one of Hollywood’s most respected actors.

In 2004, Hackman retired from acting after a role in Welcome to Mooseport and then devoted himself to writing novels.

Gene Hackman’s passing marks the end of an era in American cinema, but his legacy lives on through his impressive filmography and the countless other actors he inspired.

Some selected films and roles with Gene Hackman

  • Bonnie and Clyde (1967) – Buck Barrow
  • The French Connection (1971) – Jimmy "Popeye" Doyle (O)
  • The Poseidon Adventure (1972) – Reverend Scott
  • The Conversation (1974) – Harry Caul
  • Superman The Movie (1978) – Lex Luthor
  • Reds (1981) – Pete Van Wherry
  • Superman II (1981) – Lex Luthor
  • Hoosiers (1986) – Coach Norman Dale
  • Mississippi Burning (1988) – Agent Anderson
  • Unforgiven (1992) – Little Bill Daggett (O)
  • The Firm (1993) – Avery Tolar
  • Crimson Tide (1995) – Captain Ramsey
  • An Enemy of the State (1998) – Brill
  • The Royal Tenenbaums (2001) – Royal Tenenbaum

(O) = Oscar-winning role

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