A new investigation by the British public broadcaster BBC highlights the extent of deadly violence against children in Gaza since the invasion began in autumn 2023.
The investigation has documented 168 cases where children were shot dead, of which 95 were hit in the head or chest, and concludes that the majority of victims were younger than 12 years old when they were killed.
The investigation is based on interviews with doctors, eyewitnesses and human rights organizations as well as hundreds of photos, videos, medical documents and autopsy records. It covers the period from October 2023 to July 2025.
In 57 of the cases where children were killed by shots to the head or chest, the Israeli army is identified as responsible, according to consistent witness testimonies and documentation. Two cases have been linked to Palestinian actors, while the remaining 36 remain unclear.
Notably, several of the deaths occurred in areas designated as safe by Israeli authorities. Among the documented cases is two-year-old Layan, who according to reports was killed together with her father, as well as six-year-old Mira, who was shot in the back by a sniper in an evacuation corridor marked as “safe”.
Several children are also reported to have been shot while playing outside their tents in temporary protection zones or trying to make their way through evacuation routes.
Human shields
When BBC confronted the Israeli military with its findings, a spokesperson responded that “unintended or erroneous harm may occur in the course of combat” and in the case of six-year-old Mira, the military said that the fact that someone was harmed “does not necessarily indicate a violation of the law”.
According to Gaza’s health ministry, over 50,000 children have been killed or injured by Israeli fire since October 2023.
The UN agency UNRWA, which is responsible for support to Palestinian refugees, has in several reports accused Israeli forces of deliberately shooting unarmed children. In a statement, UNRWA states that the equivalent of “a classroom of children” is killed every day in Gaza.
Previously, the Israeli military has also repeatedly been accused of using Palestinian civilians – including children – as human shields during searches of buildings and ruins – an action that has put them in mortal danger.
The use of this “tactic” has also been confirmed by Israeli soldiers.