Wednesday, July 9, 2025

Polaris of Enlightenment

Sweden celebrates 500 years since its victory in the war of independence

Today, June 6, Sweden celebrates its national day - this year marking 500 years since Gustav Vasa's successful rebellion against foreign rule. Here is the dramatic and unlikely story of how Sweden became an independent kingdom again.

Published 6 June 2023
– By Editorial Staff
Gustav Vasa calls for rebellion against the Danes.
5 minute read

On June 6, 1523, Gustav Eriksson (Vasa) was elected king by the Riksdag in Strängnäs. The event marked the end of a Swedish war of liberation – and also of the so-called Kalmar Union that had been established 126 years earlier.

Initially, the Kalmar Union was a joint arrangement between Sweden, Norway and Denmark, whereby the three countries would be ruled by a single monarch. However, dissatisfaction with the union grew in Sweden, and several rebellions attempted, with mixed success, to break away from the union in order to elect their own independent kings or governors – rather than being subject to rulers of Danish or German origin.

In particular, the Swedes refused to recognize the Danish Kristian II as King of Sweden. Therefore, in January 1520, Kristian launched an invasion of Sweden with German and Danish troops to recapture the country from the Swedish governor Sten Sture the Younger and his allies. In what is known as the battle of Bogesund, Kristian’s troops and Sten Sture’s peasant army met on the ice of lake Åsunden near Ulricehamn, where the Swedish army was defeated and Sten Sture was badly injured and died soon afterwards.

Without a leader, Stockholm and other Swedish bastions soon surrendered. With the help of his foreign soldiers and the threat of more violence, Kristian was crowned King of Sweden in November 1520.

Stockholm bloodbath

However, Kristian II’s character was not of the forgiving type. After a three-day coronation celebration, he and his advisors chose to take the opportunity to execute their political opponents. Large parts of the Swedish aristocracy were killed in what became known to posterity as the ‘Stockholm Bloodbath’.

The Stockholm bloodbath in a depiction from 1676.

It is estimated that up to 100 people were executed between November 7 and 9. Nobles were beheaded, mayors and councilmen were hanged, and Sten Sture himself was dug up from his grave and thrown on a funeral pyre in order to desecrate the young ruler. After the massacre, the Danish king became known in Sweden as ‘Kristian Tyrann’ – Kristian Tyrant.

Gustav Vasa himself was not present at the massacre. He had been taken hostage by the Danes in 1518, after the Battle of Brännkyrka, but had managed to escape to Lübeck in Germany the following year. He was wanted by the Danes and did not return to Sweden until May 1520, where he stayed in hiding with sympathizers.

In addition to his father, two of his uncles and several other relatives were executed in the Stockholm bloodbath, while his female family and relatives were imprisoned in Copenhagen and all property was confiscated by Kristian. With Kristian’s opponents executed, there was no obvious leader to organize further resistance to the Danes. However, Gustav Vasa had decided to take matters into his own hands.

Gustav Vasa builds a resistance movement

Gustav Vasa embarked on a project to seek the support of the Dalesmen in Dalarna, a large province north west of Stockholm known for its flourishing mining industry as well as a disdain for undue authority. They had a long history of fighting for freedom and honored the memory of Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson, who in the 1430s led a rebellion against the Kalmar Union’s rule that temporarily pushed Danish forces out of Sweden.

Initially, the Dalesmen were said to be very skeptical about participating. However, when envoys came to tell them about King Kristian’s actions at the Stockholm bloodbath, how Sten Sture’s body was mutilated and other atrocities committed, they are said to have changed their minds. In the end they decided to support the young Gustav as their commander. He was assigned a personal bodyguard of 16 men – the prototype of the Svea Livgarde – the Svea Life Guards.

Depiction of Gustav Vasa at Livsrustkammaren, the Royal Armoury, in Stockholm.

After initially taking Falun and capturing the Danish bailiff, the resistance movement gained support from other parts of Sweden and the rebel army grew in numbers. Also Gävle joined Gustav and a number of Swedish nobles, resentful of the execution of their relatives in Stockholm, chose to join the fight against Danish rule.

The greatest of the major battles was at the Brunnbäck ferry outside Avesta in Dalarna and was also a significant Swedish victory. This meant that King Kristian now definitely understood that the Swedish resistance had by no means been crushed by the bloodbath in Stockholm and that the situation for his rule was now very serious.

The Danes strengthened their military presence in an attempt to crush the rebel army. However, Gustav Vasa continued to make progress and Västerås was taken, although the pro-Danish force in the castle did not surrender until January 1522. Overall, it was very difficult for the peasant army to take castles.

By April 1521, Gustav Vasa had full control of Dalarna and was supported by Gästrikland, Västmanland and Närke. In August the same year, he was recognized as Sweden’s chieftain and governor in Vadstena – at the same time as Kristian’s puppet government fled Sweden.

However, Kristian still had the support of nobles in Östergötland, Sörmland and Uppland – and the main Swedish castles and fortresses were still under Danish control. To conquer these, the Swedish Resistance bought warships, cannons and mercenaries from Lübeck, Germany, which enabled them to defeat a Danish fleet off Stockholm in November 1522.

King Gustav

In 1523, only Stockholm and the then very important city of Kalmar were still under Danish control. Kalmar was finally captured on May 27. Gustav Vasa was crowned King of Sweden in Strängnäs on June 6, but it was not until June 17 that Stockholm surrendered. Shortly afterwards, the last Danish-controlled castles in the Finnish part of the kingdom fell and Sweden was under definitive Swedish control again.

Gustav Vasa’s arrival in Stockholm, by Carl Larsson.

It was not until August 1524 that Gustav Vasa and Frederick I, King Kristian’s successor in Denmark, signed the peace treaty that formally ended the war between the Scandinavian countries. It was decided that Blekinge, Skåne and Gotland would remain Danish, that all prisoners on both sides would be released and that Sweden and Denmark would continue to live in peace as good neighbors. Those interested in history are of course well aware that the reality would eventually turn out differently.

A milestone in Swedish history

Gustav Vasa’s coronation as King of Sweden on June 6 is, of course, particularly symbolic in the context of a Sweden that at the time was effectively occupied by a foreign power that had taken control of the country through mass murder and force of arms. Gustav Vasa became a controversial ruler in the annals of history, but his importance for Sweden and his impact on Swedish history can hardly be underestimated.

The tomb of Gustav Vasa and his queens in Uppsala Cathedral. Photo: Adville/CC BY-SA 3.0

Under King Gustav, Sweden abandoned Catholicism in favour of Protestantism, and the kingdom also became a distinct hereditary monarchy that gradually evolved into a more modern and centralised nation-state. Under his grandson Gustav II Adolf, Sweden would later become one of the most influential countries in Europe during the historical era that would become known in Sweden as the “Great Power Era”, where Sweden would influence the political and religious balance of power on the European continent as well.

Gustav Vasa never called himself Vasa during his lifetime - and it is unclear whether anyone else did. The name comes from the well-known symbol - a 'vase' - used as a heraldic device by the nobility to which he belonged.

Only in the second half of the 16th century does the first source appear where Vasa is mentioned as the family name instead of Eriksson, which was his birth name. Gustav Eriksson Vasa is mentioned as such for the first time in 1618 - when he himself had been dead for 58 years.

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Almost total halt for imported berry pickers in Sweden

Published yesterday 15:21
– By Editorial Staff
2 minute read

The Swedish Migration Agency has rejected almost all applications for berry pickers for 2025. As recently as 2023, 5,000 permits were granted.

Citing years of indications that employment conditions in the berry industry are not being upheld, the Migration Agency has granted only 89 permits for berry picking this year. A total of 2,397 applications for berry pickers have been received for 2025.

Last year, the Migration Agency rejected all applications for berry pickers, but 1,272 applications were subsequently approved after court review.

The Migration Agency has also this year assessed that workers in the berry industry risk not having their employment conditions met. Therefore, the agency has decided to reject most of the applications for Thai berry pickers, says Hanna Geurtsen, Deputy Project Manager for Work Permits at the Migration Agency, in a press release.

This year, the Migration Agency explains, all employers active in berry picking have chosen to apply for permits via the EU’s Seasonal Workers Directive. The difference when applying for a work permit as a seasonal worker, compared with the national main track for work permits, is among other things that the berry pickers this year are directly employed by a company in Sweden and not via a foreign staffing agency.

It’s partly about having an employment contract signed by both parties and that the employment conditions must be in line with Swedish collective agreements. For the majority of the applications received this year, these requirements have not been met, says Hanna Geurtsen.

The berry companies that have been rejected have the possibility to appeal these decisions in court, the agency adds in its press release.

Number of berry picking permits granted by the Migration Agency in recent years:

2025: 89
2024: 0 (1,272 were approved after court review)
2023: 5,372
2022: 6,594
2021: 5,175

Swedish government to map immigrants’ opinions

Published 7 July 2025
– By Editorial Staff
The Liberals' new integration minister Simona Mohamsson on the left, on the right migrants who have landed in Europe (archive image).
1 minute read

The Swedish government is now launching a project to examine immigrants’ opinions compared to native Swedes.

The results will serve as guidance for future integration efforts, says the Liberal Party’s new integration minister Simona Mohamsson about the project.

World Values Survey, WVS, is an international research program that examines people’s values in everything from social, political, economic, religious and cultural aspects.

The Swedish government is now paying WVS €450,000 to examine how values differ between non-Western immigrants and those with entirely Swedish backgrounds. During the autumn, around 3,000 people will be interviewed.

“We are an extreme country”

According to surveys that World Values Survey has previously conducted, the differences between immigrants and native Swedes are very large regarding views on things like divorce, premarital sex, abortion and homosexuality, where Sweden overall stands out as an exceptionally liberal-oriented country.

We are an extreme country in a good way. For people who become part of our society, it becomes somewhat difficult to navigate that map, says Mohamsson about the project to the Bonnier-owned newspaper DN, which among other things highlights that immigrants are more skeptical toward homosexual relationships.

There’s a whole generation of girls who don’t get to choose who they want to love or boys who can’t come out of the closet, she says.

Fewer shootings in Sweden — but bomb attacks have doubled

organized crime

Published 3 July 2025
– By Editorial Staff
According to Swedish police, the purpose of the bomb attacks is often to extort, intimidate, or threaten the victims.
2 minute read

The number of shootings in Sweden has almost halved compared to last year – but at the same time, bombings have increased dramatically. According to new statistics from the Swedish Police Authority, over 100 bombing incidents have occurred so far this year, representing a doubling compared to the same period in 2024.

During the first six months of this year, police have recorded 84 shootings. This marks a significant decrease compared to the first half of 2022, when 205 shootings occurred, resulting in 34 deaths and 49 injuries. The number of people injured in shooting incidents has also gradually decreased since then. However, the 2025 statistics include the school attack in Örebro, central Sweden, where ten people lost their lives.

This development comes against the backdrop of Sweden’s long-standing struggles with organized crime, where violent gangs, often with immigrant backgrounds, have spread fear in both major cities and smaller towns. For several years, authorities have struggled to effectively address the escalating violence – but according to police, certain measures are now showing results.

– In both physical and digital environments, as well as in investigations, we are now faster and more efficient, which has enabled us to prevent impending crimes and increase the clearance rate of deadly gang-related violence from about 20-30 percent to about 60 percent in recent years. This partly explains why we’re seeing fewer shootings, says August Knutsson, operational coordinator at the Swedish Police’s National Operations Center.

More bombings during winter months

While shootings have decreased, another form of violence has increased significantly. So far this year, 104 explosions have occurred – double the number compared to the same period in 2024, when 52 bomb attacks were recorded.

– This is obviously serious, and we’ve noticed that criminal groups have shifted their methods and carried out more bombings during winter and spring. Often for extortion purposes, to intimidate or threaten. However, since the beginning of the year, when we saw a sharp increase in completed bombings, they have decreased. We’re arresting more perpetrators during the preparation stage than before, explains Knutsson.

He emphasizes that the situation is still considered very serious and that gang violence could soon escalate again:

– At the same time, the conflict level remains high, and we know from experience that the situation can change rapidly. We’re doing everything we can to keep violence levels down.

“Floating Pentagon” makes its presence known in Stockholm

Sweden-NATO-relationship

Published 3 July 2025
– By Editorial Staff
The USS Mount Whitney has a crew of approximately 500 personnel and is normally based in Naples, Italy.
2 minute read

The US command ship USS Mount Whitney, often referred to as a “floating Pentagon” due to its advanced command systems, has docked at Frihamnen port in Stockholm, Sweden.

The visit marks the conclusion of a month-long mission in the Baltic Sea where the vessel played a leading role in the extensive NATO exercise Baltops, working alongside Swedish personnel among others.

The vessel serves as the flagship of the US Sixth Fleet and is designed to command complex and extensive military operations. At 200 meters in length, it is equipped with advanced communication and command systems that make it a hub for US naval operations.

– We usually call it a floating Pentagon because our main strength lies in communication and command systems, says Jonathan Desimone, Command Systems Officer aboard, to Swedish public broadcaster SVT.

During the recently concluded Baltops, an annual NATO-led exercise in the Baltic Sea, USS Mount Whitney played a key role. The Swedish Navy participated with a submarine, among other assets, and several Swedish liaison officers were aboard as part of the NATO staffing.

– We had several Swedish liaison officers aboard throughout the exercise as part of the NATO staffing, says Commander and Captain Colin Price.

– We are here to participate in Baltops 2025 and to demonstrate US presence. Our goal as a naval force is freedom of navigation and regional stability, he further states.

No plans to leave Europe

Price emphasizes the value of the exercise and multinational NATO cooperation – but critics suggest the ship’s visible presence in Stockholm could also be interpreted as a show of force directed at Russia, rather than a purely diplomatic visit.

Meanwhile, the Baltic Sea has been characterized by increased military activity, with both NATO and Russia conducting parallel exercises. During Baltops, Russian fighter aircraft were observed flying near USS Mount Whitney in international airspace.

– I wouldn’t call them incidents, but yes, we had interactions with aircraft flying near Mount Whitney, Price comments and explains:

– During Baltops, we’re in the middle of the Baltic Sea and it’s international airspace where aircraft can fly wherever they want.

During Donald Trump’s presidency, there have been reports and signals suggesting that the US plans to significantly reduce its military presence in Europe. However, according to the commander, there are no such plans for USS Mount Whitney.

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