Tuesday, September 16, 2025

Polaris of Enlightenment

Finnish supercomputer gets quantum upgrade

Published 10 October 2024
– By Ivana Bratovanova
The names "LUMI" and "HELMI" mean "snow" and "pearl" in Finnish.
2 minute read

LUMI, Europe’s fastest and the world’s fifth fastest supercomputer, has been integratated with the HELMI quantum computer.

The resulting hybrid system is, according to LUMI Director Pekka Manninen, “the most powerful quantum-enabled supercomputing infrastructure in the world”.

Located in Kajaani, Finland, LUMI is renowned for its immense computational power, equivalent to approximately 1.5 million laptops. Now, the VTT Technical Research Centre has connected LUMI to the HELMI 5-qubit quantum computer, creating a hybrid computational architecture with enhanced capabilities and research potential.

“We see great potential in quantum computing for accelerating innovation for the benefit of companies and the whole society”, says Pekka Pursula, Research Manager at VTT.

The integration of LUMI and HELMI combines the processing power of classical supercomputing with the advanced capabilities of quantum computing. In this hybrid system, classical computing manages large-scale data processing, while HELMI tackles optimization challenges. This combination boosts efficiency and enables breakthroughs in fields like science, environmental modeling, logistics, and finance.

According to Pekka Manninen, Director of the LUMI Leadership Computing Facility at CSC – IT Center for Science, the upgrade makes it “the most powerful quantum-enabled supercomputing infrastructure in the world”.

LUMI’s hybrid architecture is already supporting a wide array of critical research projects. For instance, it is aiding in the prediction of global weather patterns, advancing artificial intelligence research, and supporting drug discovery. Earlier this year, researchers at the University of Salerno used LUMI to analyze thousands of potential drug candidates, improving the efficiency of the drug development process.

The hybrid supercomputer is also proving useful in the study of space phenomena. Aalto University researcher Maarit Korpi-Lagg uses LUMI to study solar magnetism and its impact on solar activity. Her research involves numerical simulations to predict future solar behavior, helping society better understand the effects of solar storms.

Given the high energy demands of such advanced infrastructures, LUMI’s location in central Finland was chosen for its access to low-cost hydroelectric power and naturally cold climate. The system also recycles its heat output to warm nearby buildings, reducing energy costs and emissions.

“Quantum computers are in many respects strange and unfamiliar, and it will be exciting to see how our customers end up using them”, comments Mikael Johansson, Quantum Technologies Manager at CSC, IT Center for Science in Espoo.

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Stubb’s warning: “We will lose to the global South”

Published 3 September 2025
– By Editorial Staff
Finnish President Alexander Stubb warns that the Western world is losing influence to Asia.
3 minute read

As the SCO alliance brings together major powers like India, China and Russia, Finnish President Alexander Stubb sees how a new world order is taking shape. Finland’s president warns that the West’s response – punitive tariffs and confrontation – only accelerates the historic shift in power.

Finnish President Alexander Stubb is calling for a more “dignified” and cooperative foreign policy toward the global South. His message is particularly directed at the US and comes at a sensitive time – amid the harshest trade tensions in years between Washington and New Delhi.

— My message, not only to my European colleagues, but especially to the United States, is that if we don’t derive a more cooperative and dignified foreign policy towards Global South, the likes of India, we are going to lose this game, Stubb said.

The president pointed to the recently held summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) in Tianjin, where Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi participated alongside leaders from China and Russia.

— The meeting is a good reminder to all of us in the global west of what is at stake. We’re trying to preserve the remnants of the old order, he stated.

Close ties with Trump

Stubb’s statement carries extra weight because he is considered to have unusually good relations with President Trump, and the two bonded during a seven-hour golf round at Mar-a-Lago in Florida in March.

Trump has called Stubb a “young, powerful man” and said that: “we wanted to have you here because you are somebody that we all respect”.

Jan Hallenberg from the Swedish Institute of International Affairs tells news agency AFP that Stubb’s position is unique:

— Among small countries, there is no equivalent whatsoever. Stubb has gained unique access to Trump that no one else from a smaller European country has ever had.

In August, Stubb accompanied Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky to the White House for talks about the war with Russia.

Trump defends the tariffs

The warning from Finland’s president comes as the US has just imposed 50 percent punitive tariffs on Indian imports – half motivated by India’s oil purchases from Russia. The tariffs, which took effect on August 27, particularly impact India’s textile and diamond industries and are defended by Trump himself.

— We get along with India very well, but for many years it was a one-sided relationship… India was charging us tremendous tariffs, the highest in the world, the president said, highlighting how American motorcycle manufacturer Harley Davidson could no longer sell its products in India due to a 200 percent tariff on motorcycles.

— So what happens? Harley Davidson went to India and built a motorcycle plant. Now they don’t have to pay tariffs.

With India increasingly turning eastward and strengthening ties with China and Russia, Stubb’s warning seems to be about more than just trade volumes but about the West’s future political influence in a world where the balance of power is rapidly shifting.

Finnish horses will soon be required to have a companion

Published 27 August 2025
– By Editorial Staff
Horses need muzzle-to-muzzle contact.
2 minute read

Finnish horses will soon be required to have larger stalls and a companion present in the stable, according to a new regulation. The companion can be another horse, mule, or donkey.

Finland has decided to promote horse welfare with a new regulation. Horses should, for example, have better opportunities to move around in larger areas and have daily outdoor time. In newly built stables, the paddock must be at least 300 square meters.

Stalls must also be expanded for horses with a withers height over 170 centimeters, and stables must have natural light. Water must always be available and during winter it must be changed every six hours. Horses may not be without hay for more than six hours.

New requirements also stipulate that horses must have a companion on site that they can see, hear, and feel daily. Horses are herd animals and loneliness can negatively affect their health.

Particularly the fact that it is now clearly prescribed that equines may not be kept alone is, in my opinion, one of the most important reforms for improving equine welfare”, writes Terhi Simonen-Jokinen, a specialist expert at Finland’s Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, in an email to Finnish public broadcaster Yle.

Muzzle contact

The horse’s companion must be either another horse, donkey, or mule. However, donkeys must have another donkey as company in the stable. One detail included in the regulation is that horses must be able to have daily muzzle-to-muzzle interaction, something that horse owner Anna Tujulin, who owns 22 horses herself, considers particularly important.

There is research showing that this is even more important than them seeing each other. I have also seen stallions that during periods haven’t received that touch and they can quite quickly develop even aggressive behavior, she says.

The regulation also states that foals may not be weaned before six months of age, and that young horses under two years old must be allowed to live in herds.

The changes will take effect at the turn of the year.

New mini-moon discovered orbiting Uranus

Published 21 August 2025
– By Editorial Staff
Uranus captured in 2023 by the James Webb Space Telescope. Illustration of some of Uranus' moons as well as the new one.
1 minute read

NASA has discovered a new mini-moon orbiting the planet Uranus. The moon is only 10 kilometers wide.

The new moon was discovered in February using the James Webb Space Telescope. Researchers believe the moon previously went unnoticed due to its small size and faint brightness – so much so that even the Voyager 2 spacecraft missed it when it passed by Uranus 40 years ago.

This becomes the 29th moon discovered around Uranus, and it’s not the first time a smaller moon has been found. About half of the planet’s moons are small, which is unusual for a planet.

No other planet has as many small inner moons as Uranus, and their complex inter-relationships with the rings hint at a chaotic history that blurs the boundary between a ring system and a system of moons, says Matthew Tiscareno from the SETI Institute in Mountain View, California, who is part of NASA’s research team and continues:

Moreover, the new moon is smaller and much fainter than the smallest of the previously known inner moons, making it likely that even more complexity remains to be discovered.

May receive name from Shakespeare

The moon has not yet been given a name, but all other moons are named after characters from Shakespeare and Alexander Pope, such as Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania and Oberon.

Before it can receive an official name, the discovery must be approved by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), which is the leading authority for assigning official names and designations to astronomical objects.

Finland: Should children be forced to take care of their aging parents?

Welfare collapse

Published 20 August 2025
– By Editorial Staff
Critics note that many elderly people have no family or close relatives who can help them.
4 minute read

An explosive debate has erupted about the future of elderly care in Finland, where pension company CEO Risto Murto argues that society will soon no longer be able to afford caring for elderly citizens – and that responsibility must therefore be transferred to families.

Several politicians reject the proposal, however, arguing that it is the welfare state’s duty to care for its aging population in a dignified manner.

With the number of elderly Finns expected to increase from 600,000 to 900,000 people in just fifteen years, the country faces a demographic time bomb. Now Risto Murto, CEO of the occupational pension company Varma, has caused major controversy by declaring that Finland will not be able to afford today’s public elderly care in the future.

His solution? That adult children instead take over responsibility for their aging parents.

The statement has prompted several Finnish politicians to protest, and members of parliament in the Social Affairs and Health Committee clearly oppose the proposal, reports Svenska Yle.

— We shouldn’t go in that direction, says Henrik Wickström from the Swedish People’s Party (a Finnish political party representing the Swedish-speaking minority) firmly.

— We must find other solutions, argues Maaret Castrén from the National Coalition Party.

Number of elderly increasing rapidly

The demographic development that worries Risto Murto is brutal in its simplicity: Fewer and fewer children are being born while the number of elderly is increasing rapidly. From today’s just over 600,000 people over 75 years old, the figure is calculated to rise to approximately 900,000 in fifteen years.

But for MP Henrik Wickström, elderly care is non-negotiable.

— The major challenge is the shortage of nursing homes. We haven’t managed to develop services at the pace that the population is aging, says Wickström, pointing out that elderly care is a fundamental responsibility of the welfare society.

Maaret Castrén is even sharper in her criticism:

— Future elderly care cannot depend on families taking care of their elderly. That cannot be something we work toward.

“Not all elderly have children”

The Center Party’s Hanna-Leena Mattila acknowledges that the statement is understandable given the state’s strained finances, but points to fundamental problems with the proposal.

— Not all elderly have children, so how can we guarantee that everyone is treated equally if responsibility is placed on the family? she asks rhetorically.

Research doctor Sarah Åkerman at Åbo Akademi University (a Finnish university) warns of the consequences of romanticizing the image of family caregiving.

— It’s often demanding and involves much more than socializing over a cup of coffee, says Åkerman.

She also points out that relatives already carry a heavy burden in Finland, despite generous elderly care.

— Relatives already do a lot, and it’s not obvious that adult children can take on even more responsibility.

Critics point to several serious consequences if family responsibility were to increase. Many Finns live alone and lack children. Those who have children of working age would be forced to reduce their working hours, threatening employment rates.

The risk of increased inequality is also said to be great. Some can afford to buy private help, while others are forced to sacrifice their careers.

— When my mother became ill this spring, my retired sister could help the most. The rest of us in the family are still working and couldn’t help as much, relates Maaret Castrén.

Sarah Åkerman emphasizes the problem further:

— Being someone’s child doesn’t automatically make you a caregiver.

It becomes particularly difficult when dealing with dementia or other complicated care that requires education and professional competence that children typically lack.

“Heartbreaking when elderly feel like a burden”

Despite the resistance, politicians acknowledge that something must be done. If the state’s economy continues to deteriorate, the model where families take greater responsibility could become reality, according to Risto Murto.

But alternative solutions exist. Maaret Castrén highlights community housing and home healthcare as cost-effective models. Henrik Wickström places his hope in digital technology and preventive measures. Hanna-Leena Mattila proposes a form of “elderly care leave”, similar to parental leave, for those who need to care for an aging parent.

But for Mattila, the issue is about more than economics. She tells of her meetings with elderly people who are worried that society sees them as a burden.

— It’s heartbreaking when elderly feel like a burden to society. We as decision-makers in social and healthcare have much to work on so that elderly care is sustainable and everyone can age safely in the future. The only solution cannot be to place more responsibility on adult children, says Hanna-Leena Mattila.

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