UNESCO estimates that about half of the Earth’s approximately 7,000 languages will be forgotten by the end of this century. Thousands of languages are at risk as global languages often replace the smaller ones.
Around a decade ago, about one language disappeared every three months, but by 2019, this increased to one language every 40 days. This means that nine languages are lost each year.
Languages go extinct when they simply stop being used, usually because English and other official languages take over, leaving the smaller languages behind.
– It pains my heart every day to see that a language is dying off, because it’s not just about the language, it’s also about the people, Tochi Precious, a Nigerian living in Abuja and helping activists working for endangered languages through the organization Wikitongues, told The Guardian:
– It’s also about the history associated with it and the culture. When it dies, everything linked to it dies off too.
English is considered more important
Ongota, a language belonging to the Afro-Asiatic family, has long been considered “dying” and is spoken in a village on the western bank of the Weito River in south-western Ethiopia. As it is not taught in schools or to children, it is in danger of dying out in the near future.
Igbo, a West African language, is also at risk and is predicted to be extinct by 2025. It is one of Nigeria’s largest languages and is written in the Latin alphabet. In 1999, around 18 million people spoke the language, but the number has declined since then. Precious is actively working to save Igbo together with other activists. Among other things, they are compiling an extensive register of words and making films using the language to preserve it.
There is hope
Although the language is relatively widespread, many parents believe that only English, Nigeria’s official language, will be useful for children in the future. According to Precious, it has long been the norm in the country that those who do not speak English are excluded from society. However, she believes that efforts to save the language have paid off.
– I have realised that, yes, a language can be endangered but then the people who speak the language can also fight for its survival. Because 2025 is already here, and definitely Igbo is not going extinct, she says.