Sunday, April 20, 2025

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After 18 years, the forest has become a nature reserve

Published 2 July 2023
– By Editorial Staff
Sebastian Kirppu gathered a group of friends for the unofficial opening of the nature reserve.

Forest biologist Sebastian Kirppu has been fighting for the last 18 years to have the Havsvalladalen valley in Värmland protected. This year, together with friends, he held an unofficial inauguration of the nature reserve and now the forest biologist hopes that it can become part of Värmland’s first national park.

Havsvalladalen is part of Värmland’s largest contiguous natural forest area, where the forest is largely dominated by fire-prone pine forest where the pines can sometimes be up to 300 years old. The forest is also rich in leafy trees where there occur well-developed deciduous fires. The Havsvallan watercourse runs along the valley and large parts of the valley contain many boulders. The richness of the boulders makes the forest rare in terms of geological value, as it is rare to find such extensive boulder seas so far south.

Large parts of the forest have been untouched for almost 150 years. Because of this, there are also many natural forest structures such as dead wood in various stages of decomposition, old and large trees and the area also has a high level of biodiversity.

For the past 18 years, forest biologist Sebastian Kirppu has been fighting for the protection of the Havsvalle Valley, and in June he finally held an unofficial inauguration of the new nature reserve. Initially, there was little interest from the state, but the more attention was paid to the diversity of the forest, the stronger the interest became.

The hallmark of Havsvalladalen is the spruce-pine forest, a dense forest created by forest fires, and the giant boulders, Kirppu told Natursidan.

It was in 2020 that Kirppu received the news that they were choosing to protect the area, but the inauguration was canceled due to the corona crisis. It is with tears in his eyes that Kirppu cuts the symbolic ribbon for the inauguration of the nature reserve and toasts his group of friends who have come to the forest with him.

Kirppu now hopes that the nature reserve can become Värmland’s first national park together with the nearby nature reserves Havsjöskogen, Brånberget and Torrknölen. This would cover an area of about 3600 hectares.

Here we have all the elements of a natural forest, he says. There are stumps with carbon from forest fires that raged here in the forest more than a hundred years ago, there is self thinning where some tree individuals die in competition with others for light and nutrients, and there is a variation in the thickness of the different trees. A natural forest will never be homogeneous, it is always heterogeneous with a diversity of species.

 

Havsvalladalen is located in Torsby municipality in Värmland, about 11 kilometers north of Båtstad.

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Lynx thrive in Finland

Published 12 April 2025
– By Editorial Staff

In the last twenty years, the number of lynx has more than doubled in Finnish forests, it is estimated according to the latest census.

In the 1960s, the lynx became a protected species in the country, but today it has increased to the point where it is considered viable. In the last twenty years, the number of lynx in Finland has more than doubled and this year the count was 2300 individuals.

Lynx are found throughout Finland, except for the reindeer herding area in the north and some parts of Ostrobothnia. According to Annika Herrero, a researcher at the Natural Resources Institute Finland, lynx are most abundant in Uusimaa, Southwest Finland, Häme and South Savo.

A major reason for the increase is abundant food. Lynx like to eat hares and small cervids, such as white-tailed deer and roe deer, which have been abundant in Finland. Reproduction is also progressing.

Lynx are reproducing efficiently, Herrero told the Finnish state broadcaster Yle.

The lynx was close to extinction about 100 years ago, but even in Sweden today there are about 1300 lynx. The population has been relatively stable in recent years, increasing in some counties and decreasing in others.

In both Sweden and Finland, a form of licensed hunting of lynx is carried out, with the aim of regulating the populations in the countries. In Sweden, the hunt is mainly motivated by a desire to reduce the risk of serious damage to domestic animals, while the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) emphasizes that lynx also have an important function in the ecosystem and calls for other preventive measures rather than hunting. During this year’s Swedish license hunt, a total of 87 lynx were shot, the previous year the figure was significantly higher when every tenth lynx was shot in the country.

The Baltic Sea is getting better – and worse

Published 11 April 2025
– By Editorial Staff

Oxygen levels in some parts of the Baltic Sea have improved, particularly in the Gulf of Finland. However, in other areas, such as the Baltic Sea’s main basin and the Bothnian Sea, oxygen conditions remain poor.

The annual research cruise of the marine research vessel Aranda passed through the Gulf of Finland, the northern Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Bothnia. The voyage is carried out within the framework of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive and the monitoring program developed by the Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission. Data collected during the expedition included oxygen, salinity and temperature stratification of the sea, and nutrient levels.

The results show that oxygen levels in the Gulf of Finland, from bottom to surface, are the best in five years. Conditions were good from the eastern part of the Gulf all the way to the Hanko headland. Oxygen-free water with hydrogen sulphide was only detected on the north-western coast of Estonia.

Oxygen levels were also high in the Archipelago Sea. Storm Jari and unusually high temperatures helped to mix the water from the surface to the bottom.

Worse in some places

Scientists generally believe that the improvement was not due to human intervention, but to the weather. The winters of 2020 and 2025 had similar weather patterns, with prolonged westerly winds pushing new water into the Gulf of Finland.

The latest data is not entirely positive either, with a deterioration in oxygen levels in the deep areas of the Bothnian Sea.

At the same time, the situation in the main basin of the Baltic Sea remains unchanged. Oxygen-free water is found from 80-90 meters depth, and the oxygen-poor area extends all the way from the Bornholm Deep to the northern parts of the main basin.

– The oxygen-free area in the main basin now measures nearly 50,000 square kilometers,, said researcher Pekka Kotilainen in a press release.

 

Light pollution affects coral reefs

Published 5 April 2025
– By Editorial Staff
When artificial light illuminates coral reefs at night, it makes it harder for fish to hide from nocturnal predators

Artificial light is making coral reefs more dangerous for prey fish, according to a new study. Among other things, it can wake sleeping fish and attract predators, drastically altering the nightlife of coral reefs.

Light pollution, i.e. man-made light, has doubled approximately every eight years, according to a study from 2023. Artificial light has a significant impact on the environment and has been increasingly identified as a contributing factor to, among other things, the deterioration of pollination, mass death of insects and negative effects on birds.

It has also been shown to affect marine life, especially fish. Artificial light affects 22% of the world’s coastlines, equivalent to 1.6 million square kilometers.

More dangerous coral reefs

Light pollution also affects about 15% of the world’s coral reefs, creating a very different environment compared to that provided by natural darkness. A new study from the University of Bristol, together with researchers from French Polynesia and Chile, shows that coral reefs are becoming particularly difficult for prey fish to live in.

–When the sun sets, coral reefs undergo a dramatic transformation. The vibrant fish we see in the day retreat to sleep among the corals and elusive nocturnal species emerge from caves and cervices in pursuit of prey, said lead author Dr. Emma Weschke in a press release.

The researchers used custom-built underwater infrared night vision cameras to film the reef at night without disturbing the behavior of the fish, since fish cannot see infrared light.

When artificial light illuminates coral reefs at night, it makes it harder for fish to hide from nocturnal predators. The light also attracts predators, and fish that normally sleep stay awake.

– Many of the species detected on artificially lit reefs were not nocturnal fish, but those that are only usually active during the day. Finding that light pollution can cause fish to stay awake later than usual is concerning because sleep – like for us – is likely essential for regenerating energy and maintaining fitness, says Dr. Weschke.

There is hope

It took an average of 25 days of exposure to artificial light for these changes to occur. Only a few days were not enough, which the researchers welcome because, conversely, reducing light pollution can have a relatively immediate effect.

Unlike greenhouse gasses and plastics, artificial light is a pollutant that doesn’t leave a residue when switched off. Limiting artificial light in both its intensity and duration, prioritizing it for essential needs and reducing aesthetic use, will help reestablish naturally dark nights that marine ecosystems evolved with, says Emma Weschke.

Florida governor supports ban on weather manipulation

The exaggerated climate crisis

Published 4 April 2025
– By Editorial Staff
Ronald Dion "Ron" DeSantis, Florida's governor since 2019, is a strong critic of spraying aluminum, sulfates and other compounds into the air. The image on the right is illustrative.

Florida Governor Ron DeSantis expresses strong support for a bill to ban geoengineering and weather manipulation in the state, but criticizes the House of Representatives for watering it down.

The statement comes amid an ongoing debate on the health risks associated with these practices, in which the state’s health secretary Joseph Ladapo has also raised his voice.

Ron DeSantis has commented in an appearance on X on a bill by Senator Ileana Garcia that seeks to ban geoengineering, also called aerosol spraying, and weather manipulation in Florida.

The bill has passed the Senate Rules Committee by a vote of 20-4, but faced opposition in the House of Representatives, where amendments have been made that would allow these practices instead.

DeSantis is clear in his support for Senator Garcia’s initiative.

– Senator Ileana Garcia has a bill in the Florida Senate to ban geoengineering and weather manipulation in the state of Florida. I support the bill, he says.

He strongly criticizes the House of Representatives for their handling of the bill.

– The Florida House of Representatives has gutted Senator Garcia’s legislation, DeSantis adds, warning that a watered-down law could set the practice of geoengineering and weather manipulation.

Criticism of “kooky ideas” on climate solutions

The governor rejects ideas about manipulating the atmosphere to counter climate change.

– People got a lot of kooky ideas that they can get in and put things in the atmosphere to block the sun and save us from climate change. We’re not playing that game in Florida, he says.

DeSantis is now urging the public to put pressure on the House of Representatives.

I hope people will tell the House of Representatives in Florida: do not gut this bill, he concludes.

Surgeon general warns of risks

Florida’s surgeon general, Joseph Ladapo, has also spoken out on the issue and supports Senator Garcia’s work. In a post on X the same day, he writes: “These planes release aluminum, sulfates, and other compounds with unknown and harmful effects on human health”.

Ladapo emphasizes the importance of protecting Florida’s environment and residents. “We have to keep fighting to clean up the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat”, he adds.

Background geoengineering: Environmental and health concerns

The debate over geoengineering, also called aerosol spraying, has intensified in Florida following reports of potential health risks. According to data from US health advocate Mike Adams, samples from Florida's skies have indicated high levels of toxic metals such as aluminum, which is being linked to weather manipulation.

Four senators – Shevrin Jones, Lori Berman, Tracie Davis and Rosalind Osgood – voted against the bill in the Senate Rules Committee, which has drawn criticism from groups like Florida Sky Watchers, which accuses them of prioritizing partisan politics over environmental protection.

The House of Representatives, where Republicans hold a supermajority with 87 out of 120 seats, has, according to critics such as Christina Pushaw, chosen to support practices such as carbon storage instead of banning weather manipulation, which was seen as a controversial move.

In Sweden, the aerosol spraying debate has been completely dismissed by mainstream media as "conspiracy theories" despite the fact that spraying has also occurred in Sweden via the Esrange space base in Kiruna.

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