Monday, June 23, 2025

Polaris of Enlightenment

The 5:2 diet can help with type 2 diabetes

Published 5 August 2024
– By Editorial Staff
2 minute read

Fasting two days a week may be effective for type 2 diabetes, according to new research.

The study, published in JAMA Network Open, involved 405 Chinese adults who had recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The study participants had not used any medication for the disease or weight loss drugs in the past three months. They were then divided into three different groups that received the diabetes drugs metformin and empagliflozin or a 5:2 meal replacement diet for a total of 16 weeks.

In a nutshell, 5:2 means fasting two days a week and eating as usual the other five days.

The meal replacement participants ate one serving of a low-energy product instead of three meals on two consecutive days. For the remaining five days, they ate breakfast and lunch of their choice, but a portion of the meal replacement product for dinner.

At the end of the study, glycated hemoglobin, weight, and anthropometric and biochemical parameters were analyzed.

The fasting participants had the greatest reduction in glycated hemoglobin compared to the other two groups. All participants in the group except those over 60 years of age had lower levels. The researchers saw no difference between those taking metformin or empagliflozin.

About 76% of the 5:2 group had a glycated hemoglobin level of less than 6.5% eight weeks after treatment. For people without diabetes, the level should be around 5.7%. Body weight also decreased more in the 5:2 group than in the other two groups, as did blood pressure.

The researchers conclude that 5:2 fasting can effectively improve glycemic control and reduce body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes, and that it is more effective than the medications tested.

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Social media feeds young people junk food ads

Published 10 June 2025
– By Editorial Staff
A large majority of food advertisements that young people are exposed to promote unhealthy products such as fast food, snacks or sugar-sweetened drinks.
2 minute read

The majority of food advertising that young people encounter on social media promotes unhealthy products. This is according to a new study from Karolinska Institutet, where TikTok is identified as the platform with the highest exposure.

The survey is based on data from young people aged 13-16 who, over the course of a week, documented the advertising they saw in their social media feeds. They were given a choice of platform, with most choosing Tiktok or Instagram.

One third of all the ads young people were exposed to were for food or drink – and 70% of these were for unhealthy products such as fast food, snacks or sugar-sweetened drinks.

Exposure was highest on Tiktok, where participants could encounter up to 26 food-related ads per hour. On Instagram, the average was 13.

– In focus group interviews, participants said they were often tempted to make impulse purchases by the design of the ads. At the same time, several expressed a feeling of powerlessness in the face of the amount of advertising they encounter daily, said Sofia Spolander, researcher at the Department of Medicine, Huddinge in a press release.

Childhood obesity doubled

In the focus group, the young people also described how the advertising affected them and increased their cravings for unhealthy food, and that it was difficult to resist consumption.

Overweight among Swedish children aged 11–15 has more than doubled in the past 30 years, and obesity in this age group has quadrupled, according to the study. Young people are eating more unhealthy food than before, while consuming fewer fruits and vegetables. Unhealthy eating habits are one of the leading causes of poor health and premature death in Sweden.

The food environment influences our eating habits, and marketing is an important part of that environment. This study shows that the advertising young people encounter on social media goes against the dietary guidelines, says Spolander.

The study forms the basis of a new report from UNICEF Sweden and the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, which highlights how advertising for food and drink in social media affects the health of children and young people.

Young dog owners’ lifestyles negatively affect their dogs

Published 3 June 2025
– By Editorial Staff
Today, many people get a pet to fit into their passive lifestyle - rather than adapting to the animal's needs themselves.
2 minute read

Stressed and overweight dog owners feel their lifestyle also impacts their dogs, according to a new Novus survey commissioned by Arken Zoo’s veterinary services. The effect is especially noticeable among younger owners, who report that their own health issues spill over onto their pets.

The survey, conducted between March and April 2025, gathered responses from 1,046 Swedish pet owners aged 18 to 84 about their own and their dog’s well-being. The results reveal a strong link between owner lifestyle and pet health.

Half of pet owners consider themselves overweight, with two in ten not exercising at all. A quarter of dog owners say they walk their dog for an hour a day at most, while 18% say their dog is overweight. Veterinarian Per Bransell says the results are “alarming”, but not surprising.

– Today, many people get an animal to fit into the owner’s lifestyle instead of the owner adapting to the animal. Getting a pet is a commitment every day, not just on weekends and holidays, he said in a press release.

Young adults struggle so do their dogs

Among pet owners aged 18 to 34, 31% say they walk their dogs no more than an hour a day, and 23% report their pets are overweight.

Young owners also experience higher levels of stress: 42% see themselves as stressed, and 24% believe that stress affects their dogs. Staff at Hundstallet, a dog shelter that rehomes animals, say the survey aligns with what they see every day.

– People are increasingly unwell, and it has a direct impact on animals. We see a clear rise in dogs arriving in both poor physical and mental condition — often depressed, lacking proper veterinary care or stimulation, says Johnny Kroneld, Head of Communications & Fundraising at Hundstallet.

Study: Dog relationships more reliable than best friends

Published 1 June 2025
– By Editorial Staff
2 minute read

Dog owners consider their relationship with their dogs to be stronger than that with their best friend or romantic partner, according to a new study from Hungary. The only relationship they value more is that with their own children.

Researchers from Eötvös Loránd University in Hungary recruited 717 dog owners during two different periods, from April 2011 to February 2013 and from January 2022 to December 2023. Around 20 percent of participants had children and around 80 percent had a romantic partner.

Dog owners were asked to rate several statements about their relationships with their pets, children, romantic partners, closest relatives, and best friends based on characteristics such as reliability, support, and companionship. Participants were also asked to indicate how often they took care of the person or pet, spent fun time with them, or argued with them. This was done on a scale of 1 to 5, which gave average values for different scales. The researchers then compared these average values between dog relationships and human relationships using statistical tests to see if the differences were significant.

The researchers found that owners gave their dogs higher ratings for companionship than their closest relatives, best friends, and romantic partners. Dogs received an average rating of 4.3, while best friends and partners scored 3.8 and 4 on the scale, respectively. The only ones who were considered slightly better company were one’s own children, with an average rating of 4.5 on the scale.

In general, the owners had very little conflict with their dogs (1.5), but more with their partners (2.3) and best friends (2). Parents also had more conflicts with their children than with their dogs, with conflicts with children averaging 1.8 on the scale. When it came to care, both giving and receiving, dogs and children also received the highest ratings, with 4.1 and 4.4 on the scale, respectively.

Children topped the ratings when it came to love (4.7), reliability (4.5), and support (4.4). However, dogs were not far behind, coming in a respectable second place compared to relatives, partners, and best friends. Dogs were rated 4.4 for love, while partners scored 4.3. Dogs were also considered more reliable than best friends, with 4.2 and 3.8, respectively. When it came to feeling supported, dogs scored an average of 4, while partners scored 3.9 and best friends 3.7. Furthermore, dog owners were also more satisfied with their relationships with their dogs than with their closest relatives and best friends.

According to the researchers, dogs are not just “fur babies” or best friends, but a mixture of both. However, the researchers did not find that the bond between owner and dog was stronger in people with weaker human relationships.

Dogs offer a highly positive relationship with minimal conflict, strong social support, and the unique opportunity to have full control over another living being’s life, Professor Enikő Kubinyi told British newspaper The Guardian.

Use of obesity drugs surges in Finland

Published 27 May 2025
– By Editorial Staff
Sales of obesity medication have skyrocketed in Finland in just a few years.
1 minute read

The use of obesity medication increased significantly in Finland last year – many more Finns were treated for obesity compared to 2023. At the same time, opinions are divided on the effectiveness of the treatment.

A total of 75,000 Finns used medicines for weight loss or obesity treatment in 2024. This is an increase of 20% compared to 2023, according to the Social Insurance Institution of Finland (Kela). In five years, the number of users has increased more than elevenfold.

Semaglutide, sold under brands such as Ozempic and Wegovy, is the most popular. Originally designed as a drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, this type of medicine is not reimbursed if it is used for obesity alone. This means that Finns have to foot the bill themselves, which can be over €260 each month.

It is also unclear how effective this type of weight loss medication really is, but Pia Pajunen, an expert physician at Kela, says it is not a quick fix for losing weight.

If you stop using the obesity medication, the weight often starts to increase again quickly. It’s important that both doctors and patients are aware that research shows these medications generally need to be used long-term, she says in a press release.

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